The person at highest risk of a greenstick fracture from falling off a tall ladder is age
8
The disorders characterized by softening and then enlargement of bones is referred to as
Paget disease.
"Please explain the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis to me," says another nurse. "Is it just wear and tear so that the cartilage wears out?" Your best response is
"No; cells in bone, cartilage, and the synovial membrane all get activated and secrete inflammatory mediators that destroy cartilage and damage bone."
Ankylosing spondylitis causes
intervertebral joint fusion.
A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is
positive antinuclear antibodies.
The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is
polyarthritis.
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis would be
systemic manifestations of inflammation.
Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called
malunion
Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by
inflammation, stiffness, and fusion of spinal joints.
Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor. The priority action to take is to
inflammation, stiffness, and fusion of spinal joints.
Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency?
Osteomalacia
Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of
immune injury to basement membranes.
Compartment syndrome occurs secondary to
soft-tissue damage.
Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream. This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be
an autoimmune process.
The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is
bone pain.
Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, because
demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms.
It is true that epidural bleeding is
characterized by a lucid interval immediately after injury.
Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are
genetically transmitted.
What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?
Absence
________ occurs when a brainstem impaired patient exhibits a persistent rhythmic or jerky movement in one or both eyes.
Nystagmus
The ________ is the level of painful stimulation required to be perceived.
threshold
Leakage of CSF from the nose or ears is commonly associated with
basilar skull fracture.
The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is
cerebral vasodilation.
________ edema occurs when ischemic tissue swells because of cellular energy failure.
Cytotoxic
Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include
left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.
The stroke etiology with the highest morbidity and mortality is
intracranial hemorrhage.
Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease
other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually managed with volume expansion and blood pressure support to enhance cerebral perfusion. This is necessary because subarachnoid hemorrhage predisposes to
cerebral vasospasm.
A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage.
3
The gate control theory of pain transmission predicts that activity in touch receptors will
decrease pain signal transmission in the spinal cord.
Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of
Guillain-Barré syndrome.
A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is
broken and protruding through the skin.
The most common site affected in Paget's disease is the
lower spine.