Explain step 1

We start with a glucose molecule and use the enzyme hexokinase (adds/removes a phosphate group) to make glucose-6-phosphate. 1 ATP is used

Explain step 2 (isomerization)

Phosphoglucoisomerase changes the shape of glucose 6 phosphate into fructose 6 phosphate

Explain step 3 (commitment)

Phosphofructokinase adds a phosphate to
fructose-6-phosphate to make fructose-1,6-
diphosphate. 1 ATP is used

Explain step 4 (split step)

Adolase: cuts fructose-1,6-diphosphate in half
to get two similar pieces. GAP(G3P) and DHAP is produced.

Explain step 5 (conversion/doubling)

Triose phosphate isomerase: changes the shape of DHAP
to be identical with GAP or G3P. Everything happens twice now

Explain step 6 (oxidation)

G3P or GAP dehydrogenase: removes a hydrogen from EACH GAP and adds it to NAD+ to make NADH and adds a phosphate (from the cytosol) to GAP to make 1,3 biphosphoglycerate. (NADH (2) is made from NAD+)

Explain step 7 (debt settling)

Phosphoglycerokinase: transfers a phosphate from 1,3
biphosphoglycerate to ADP to make ATP. ATP (2) is made

Explain step 8 (shuffle)

Phosphoglyceromutase: shifts the phosphate groups around.

Explain step 9

Enolase: removes a molecule of water from 2-phosphoglycerate. water (2) is made.

Explain step 10 (payday)

Pyruvate kinase: transfers a phosphate from PEP to ADP to
make ATP. 2 ATP are made

What are the total outputs of glycosis?

2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

What are the steps of cellular respiration

1. glycosis

2. pyruvate oxidation

3. citric acid cycle

4. Oxidative phosphorylation

What is oxidation of Pyruvate

Pyruvate (a 3 carbon compound) is converted to
acetyl coenzyme A (a.k.a. acetyl CoA—a 2 carbon
compound) before entering the citric acid cycle

Describe the steps of Oxidation of Pyruvate

1. oxidation of pyruvate’s carboxyl group

2. Reduction of NAD+ to NADH

3. Combination of the remaining two-carbon fragment
with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA

True or false. 2 Acetyl CoA are produced from 1 glucose molecule

True

Where does glycosis occur?

In the cytosl

Where does pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

Where does the electron transport chain (oxidation phosphorylation) occur?

Cristae (mitochondria)

Describe the citric acid cycle.

The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle,
oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate,
generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
per turn. Another 2 CO2 are produced as a waste produce.

Is the citric acid cycle recycled through.

Yes, you start and end with oxaloacetate

Describe the Oxidation phosphorylation