What are enzymes?

specific organic molecules consisting of one or more polypeptide chains that form 3D shapes. They are catalyst!

What do catalyst do?

They help speed up reactions. Lower activation energy of a reactant. Require for reactants to form products.

Are catalyst consumed in a reaction?

No! They are recycled

What are catalyst made of?

Proteins

True or false. Enzymes can be very specific to substrate.

True (like a lock and key)

What does a substrate bind to on an enzyme?

The active site

What is the bond called when a substrate and enzyme meet?

An induced fit (tightly bonded together)

After the enzyme binds with the active site and the reaction is complete what happens next?

A product is formed and is released from the unchanged enzyme.

What are the enzyme helpers?

Cofactors and Coenzymes

What are cofactors?

The non protein part of the enzyme that is required for the enzyme to work.

What is an example of the cofactor?

Metallic ion

What is a coenzyme?

An organic molecule

What is an example of a coenzyme?

Vitamins

What are the enzyme inhibitors?

Competitive and non competitive inhibitors

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Competes for the active site

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

Does not bind to the active site of an enzyme, but rather another site on the enzyme.

Which inhibitor can be overidden?

A competitive can be overridden(by adding more substrate) and a non-competitive cannot be overridden.

What are the environmental conditions that affect enzymes?

Temperature, pH, and salt concentration

Explain how enzyme concentration affected in a reaction?

More enzymes = faster reaction (as long as substrate
is not limiting)

Explain how substrate concentration affected in a reaction?

More substrate = increased activity rate (until saturation
point)

What is the saturation point?

(max activity) when all enzymes are bound with substrate

What is a aerobic reaction?

Requires oxygen

What does it mean when a enzyme is denatured?

When the shape of an enzymes active site is altered.

How is enzyme activity obsereved?

through a color change

What is the enzyme that initiates the browning process and the one we are working with in class?

Catecholase