Floor plans

a scale diagram of the arrangement of rooms in one story of a building

sections

a type of architectural drawing that shows a vertical cut through a building or an object, perpendicular to the horizon line

elevations

a drawing of a vertical surface or plane of a building, either a facade of the exterior or a wall in the interior

axonometrics (“axons”)

also known as parallel projection or axonometry, is a two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional objects

perspectives

a drawing is the representation of three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional

poché

a French architectural term for the solid elements that are cut by a plane

program

a detailed breakdown of the spaces within a building or site, based on client requirements, user activities and needs, and spaces required for the building to operate

typology

the study and classification of buildings and urban spaces according to their common characteristics

firmness

the physical strength that secures the building's structural integrity

commodity

refers to spatial functionality or fulfilling the function for which the building was constructed

Live loads

a term used in architecture to refer to all load other than the permanent weight of a structure

dead loads

a term used in architecture to describe permanent or stationary loads which are transferred to structure throughout the life span

lateral loads

are horizontal forces acting on a structure

Post and lintel

a building system where vertical elements support horizontal elements

corbel and cantilever

.Corbel is a structural member that juts out of a wall to carry a superincumbent weight^{1 2}. It refers to a projection from a wall that supports weight, often in the form of a bracket or block².Cantilever is a beam or slab that is supported at one end and projects horizontally, creating an overhang^{1 2 3}. It is a rigid structural element that extends horizontally and is supported at only one end

arch and vault

An arch is a curved structure that spans an opening, such as a doorway or window^{1 2}. A vault is a ceiling or roof that is curved or arched, typically made of stone or brick

truss and space frame

a truss is a structure with pinned connections while a frame has rigid joints¹. A space frame is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern

compression

a force within a structural system that squeezes down, across or even up, on another structural member or immobile component

tension

the use of forces that resist pulling apart to create structural systems

Solstices

the time or date (twice each year) at which the sun reaches its maximum or minimum declination, marked by the longest and shortest days

equinoxes

the start of spring and autumn

In situ

construction which is carried out at the building site using raw materials

corbel

a structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight

ashlar

finely dressed (cut, worked) stone

relieving arch

arch built over a lintel or architrave to relieve or distribute the weight of the wall above

propylea

a monumental gateway

megaron

Architecturally, it was a rectangular hall that was surrounded by four columns

gable

the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches

intercolumniation

the spacing between columns in a colonnade

engaged column

column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall

stoa

a covered walkway or portico

voussoir

a wedge-shaped element

Land use planning

a process that brings together consideration for both the physical development as well as the social characteristics of an area

orthogonal urban grid

a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid.

metropole/colony

is the homeland, central territory or the state exercising power over a colonial empire

cardo/decamanus

hinge or axis of the city

Doric

simple circular capitals at the top of columns

Ionic

has a small base, a thin elegant shaft, and a capital composed of volutes

Corinthean

the last developed and most ornate of the three principal classical orders of Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture

Capital

the topmost part of a column in architecture

frieze

wide central section of an entablature and may be plain or decorated with bas-reliefs

entablature

horizontal structure that rests on columns and consists of moldings and bands

cornice

decorative and protective projection at the top of a wall, a roof, or another architectural element

Double barrel vault

produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults

oculus

a circular or oval-shaped structural element resembling an eye

coffer

a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon that serves as a decorative device, usually in a ceiling or vault

dome

hemispherical structure evolved from the arch

concrete

permanently exposed to view and therefore requires special care in selection of the concrete materials

opus

a latin term that generically indicates various techniques of constructing buildings

veneer

a thin decorative finish typically made of brick, stone or stucco

sequence/procession

path one takes while entering or passing through a work

axis/symmetry

refers to similar forms, shapes, or angles along a central axis or point

rhythm

patterns, elements or motifs at irregular or regular intervals

hierarchy

a design principle that articulates significance to any space or form