Diarrhea and vomiting lead to loss of fluid from the extracellular compartment. This is reflected by the cells shrinking in size.

1) True

2) False

True

Which one of the following substances enters the fluid in the nephron tubules (filtrate) by tubular secretion?

1) Calcium ions

2) Sodium ions

3) Hydrogen ions

4) Amino acids

Hydrogen ions

When ADH levels are low, the DCT and collecting duct membranes are

1) more permeable to sodium and chloride ions

2) less permeable to vitamin B3 and calcium ions

3) less permeable to sodium and chloride ions

4) more permeable to water

5) less permeable to water

less permeable to water

Which of the below conditions would stimulate a response of decreased glomerular filtration (resulting in decreased urine formation)?

1) hyperglycemia

2) low blood pressure

3) hypoglycemia

4) high blood ATP levels

5) low blood Ca++ levels

low blood pressure

An increased blood osmotic pressure would trigger an increased production of _________ which would result in __________urine production.

1) aldosterone, increased

2) ADH, decreased

3) EPO, decreased

4) renin, increased

5) ADH, increased

ADH, decreased

Reabsorption of sodium ions in the DCT, depends largely upon the action of?

1) parathyroid hormone (PTH)

2) vitamin C

3) aldosterone

4) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

5) cortisol

aldosterone

Extracellular fluid compartment consists of ?

1) cytoplasm in the cells

2) plasma

3) interstitial fluid

4) 'a' and 'b'

5) 'b' and 'c'

'b' and 'c' - plasma and interstitial fluid

Prolonged hyperventilation can cause respiratory alkalosis.

1) True

2) False

True

The action of ANP is antagonistic to ?

1) Aldosterone

2) Renin

3) Erythropoeitin

4) All of the above

Aldosterone

Hypoproteinemia is a condition which has very low levels of plasma proteins. This will be characterized by:

1) tissue edema

2) low pH

3) hyperventilation

4) a dehydrated look

tissue edema

An increase in the permeability of the collecting ducts to water is primarily due to:

1) an increase in the production of ANP

2) an increase in the production of ADH

3) an increase in the production of aldosterone

4) a decrease in the solute concentration

an increase in the production of ADH

As ventilation increases and more CO2 is removed from the blood, the H+ concentration of the blood decreases.

1) True

2) False

True

Tubular reabsorption:

1) includes substances such as creatinine

2) is a way for the body to get rid of unwanted wastes

3) by active mechanisms requires ATP to move substances from the lumen of the tubule to blood.

4) of water is passive and involves movement of water from the blood into the lumen of the tubule

by active mechanisms requires ATP to move substances from the lumen of the tubule to blood.

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin :

1) when the pH of the urine increases

2) when the peritubular capillaries are dilated

3) by a decrease in blood pressure

4) when the pH of the urine decreases

by a decrease in blood pressure

The fluid in the Bowman's capsular space is similar to plasma, except that it does not contain:

1) glucose

2) electrolytes

3) creatinine

4) plasma proteins

5) amino acids

plasma proteins

Which of these regions is impermeable to water ?

1) PCT

2) DCT

3) descending limb of loop of Henle

4) ascending limb of loop of Henle

ascending limb of loop of Henle

Drinking large quantities of alcohol, will cause..?

1) copious (large)quantities of urine to be produced

2) small urine volume

3) the volume of urine remains unchanged

4) guilt pangs

copious (large)quantities of urine to be produced

The liquid that collects in the cavity of glomerular (Bowman's) capsule can best be described as

1) concentrated urine

2) bile ready for excretion

3) glycogen and water

4) blood minus blood proteins and cells

blood minus blood proteins and cells

The movement of substances from the lumen of the kidney tubules to the blood is known as

1) tubular filtration

2) tubular reabsorption

3) tubular secretion

4) cortical stimulation

tubular reabsorption

The thirst center is located in the:

1) kidney

2) hypothalamus

3) arch of aorta

4) juxta glomerular appasratus

hypothalamus

Consider a situation where ketoacidosis occurs and blood pH drops dangerously low. Under this circumstance the nephron would respond by increased

1) H+ secretion

2) HCO3- secretion

3) CO2 secretion

4) Na+ filtration

5) K+ reabsorption

H+ secretion

Macy was hemorrhaging (bleeding profusely)and her blood pressure was falling dramatically. To maintain homeostasis the body will produce a number of hormones. Which of the following hormones would not be secreted during this time?

1) ADH

2) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

3) Aldosterone

4) Angiostensin

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Tom is a tennis star who has been practicing for about 3 hours. His tissues are metabolizing and therefore producing excessive quantities of CO2. His respiratory rate goes up considerably.Why do you think this is happening?

1) To get rid of the excess HCO3 ions that are forming.

2) To get rid of the excess H ions that are forming.

3) to conserve CO2 since the tissues are getting rid of it

4) to conserve carbonic acid that is being depleted

To get rid of the excess H ions that are forming.

A person has been sweating a great deal and has not ingested adequate quantities of water, to make up for the loss. His body's homeostatic mechanisms respond by secreting ?

1) erythropoeitin

2) aldosterone

3) ADH

4) 'a' and 'b'

5) 'b' and 'c'

'b' and 'c' - aldosterone and ADH

Peter has just had surgery and is on nasogastric suction. This involves removing fluids from the stomach through a tube. The new intern does the suction a little too enthusiastically and removes too much HCl. What do you think will happen to the pH?

1) the pH will rise

2) the pH will fall

3) there will be no effect on the pH

4) the pH will fall initially and then rise

the pH will rise