front 1 Diarrhea and vomiting lead to loss of fluid from the extracellular compartment. This is reflected by the cells shrinking in size. 1) True 2) False | back 1 True |
front 2 Which one of the following substances enters the fluid in the nephron tubules (filtrate) by tubular secretion? 1) Calcium ions 2) Sodium ions 3) Hydrogen ions 4) Amino acids | back 2 Hydrogen ions |
front 3 When ADH levels are low, the DCT and collecting duct membranes are 1) more permeable to sodium and chloride ions 2) less permeable to vitamin B3 and calcium ions 3) less permeable to sodium and chloride ions 4) more permeable to water 5) less permeable to water | back 3 less permeable to water |
front 4 Which of the below conditions would stimulate a response of decreased glomerular filtration (resulting in decreased urine formation)? 1) hyperglycemia 2) low blood pressure 3) hypoglycemia 4) high blood ATP levels 5) low blood Ca++ levels | back 4 low blood pressure |
front 5 An increased blood osmotic pressure would trigger an increased production of _________ which would result in __________urine production. 1) aldosterone, increased 2) ADH, decreased 3) EPO, decreased 4) renin, increased 5) ADH, increased | back 5 ADH, decreased |
front 6 Reabsorption of sodium ions in the DCT, depends largely upon the action of? 1) parathyroid hormone (PTH) 2) vitamin C 3) aldosterone 4) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 5) cortisol | back 6 aldosterone |
front 7 Extracellular fluid compartment consists of ? 1) cytoplasm in the cells 2) plasma 3) interstitial fluid 4) 'a' and 'b' 5) 'b' and 'c' | back 7 'b' and 'c' - plasma and interstitial fluid |
front 8 Prolonged hyperventilation can cause respiratory alkalosis. 1) True 2) False | back 8 True |
front 9 The action of ANP is antagonistic to ? 1) Aldosterone 2) Renin 3) Erythropoeitin 4) All of the above | back 9 Aldosterone |
front 10 Hypoproteinemia is a condition which has very low levels of plasma proteins. This will be characterized by: 1) tissue edema 2) low pH 3) hyperventilation 4) a dehydrated look | back 10 tissue edema |
front 11 An increase in the permeability of the collecting ducts to water is primarily due to: 1) an increase in the production of ANP 2) an increase in the production of ADH 3) an increase in the production of aldosterone 4) a decrease in the solute concentration | back 11 an increase in the production of ADH |
front 12 As ventilation increases and more CO2 is removed from the blood, the H+ concentration of the blood decreases. 1) True 2) False | back 12 True |
front 13 Tubular reabsorption: 1) includes substances such as creatinine 2) is a way for the body to get rid of unwanted wastes 3) by active mechanisms requires ATP to move substances from the lumen of the tubule to blood. 4) of water is passive and involves movement of water from the blood into the lumen of the tubule | back 13 by active mechanisms requires ATP to move substances from the lumen of the tubule to blood. |
front 14 The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin : 1) when the pH of the urine increases 2) when the peritubular capillaries are dilated 3) by a decrease in blood pressure 4) when the pH of the urine decreases | back 14 by a decrease in blood pressure |
front 15 The fluid in the Bowman's capsular space is similar to plasma, except that it does not contain: 1) glucose 2) electrolytes 3) creatinine 4) plasma proteins 5) amino acids | back 15 plasma proteins |
front 16 Which of these regions is impermeable to water ? 1) PCT 2) DCT 3) descending limb of loop of Henle 4) ascending limb of loop of Henle | back 16 ascending limb of loop of Henle |
front 17 Drinking large quantities of alcohol, will cause..? 1) copious (large)quantities of urine to be produced 2) small urine volume 3) the volume of urine remains unchanged 4) guilt pangs | back 17 copious (large)quantities of urine to be produced |
front 18 The liquid that collects in the cavity of glomerular (Bowman's) capsule can best be described as 1) concentrated urine 2) bile ready for excretion 3) glycogen and water 4) blood minus blood proteins and cells | back 18 blood minus blood proteins and cells |
front 19 The movement of substances from the lumen of the kidney tubules to the blood is known as 1) tubular filtration 2) tubular reabsorption 3) tubular secretion 4) cortical stimulation | back 19 tubular reabsorption |
front 20 The thirst center is located in the: 1) kidney 2) hypothalamus 3) arch of aorta 4) juxta glomerular appasratus | back 20 hypothalamus |
front 21 Consider a situation where ketoacidosis occurs and blood pH drops dangerously low. Under this circumstance the nephron would respond by increased 1) H+ secretion 2) HCO3- secretion 3) CO2 secretion 4) Na+ filtration 5) K+ reabsorption | back 21 H+ secretion |
front 22 Macy was hemorrhaging (bleeding profusely)and her blood pressure was falling dramatically. To maintain homeostasis the body will produce a number of hormones. Which of the following hormones would not be secreted during this time? 1) ADH 2) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide 3) Aldosterone 4) Angiostensin | back 22 Atrial Natriuretic Peptide |
front 23 Tom is a tennis star who has been practicing for about 3 hours. His tissues are metabolizing and therefore producing excessive quantities of CO2. His respiratory rate goes up considerably.Why do you think this is happening? 1) To get rid of the excess HCO3 ions that are forming. 2) To get rid of the excess H ions that are forming. 3) to conserve CO2 since the tissues are getting rid of it 4) to conserve carbonic acid that is being depleted | back 23 To get rid of the excess H ions that are forming. |
front 24 A person has been sweating a great deal and has not ingested adequate quantities of water, to make up for the loss. His body's homeostatic mechanisms respond by secreting ? 1) erythropoeitin 2) aldosterone 3) ADH 4) 'a' and 'b' 5) 'b' and 'c' | back 24 'b' and 'c' - aldosterone and ADH |
front 25 Peter has just had surgery and is on nasogastric suction. This involves removing fluids from the stomach through a tube. The new intern does the suction a little too enthusiastically and removes too much HCl. What do you think will happen to the pH? 1) the pH will rise 2) the pH will fall 3) there will be no effect on the pH 4) the pH will fall initially and then rise | back 25 the pH will rise |