MIDTERM: psychology
Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________.
Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.
________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.
Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.
A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.
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In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.
A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, they would probably need a ________ degree in psychology.
The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.
Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?
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One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.
Scientific hypotheses are ________ and falsifiable.
________ are defined as observable realities.
Scientific knowledge is ________.
A major criticism of Freud’s early theories involves the fact that his theories ________.
Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): ________.
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________ involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments.
The major limitation of case studies is ________.
The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is ________.
Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as ________.
________ involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time.
A(n) ________ is a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paper form.
Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of ________.
Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that:
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?
The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when ________.
________ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study.
The ________ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter.
Researchers must ________ important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined.
Sometimes, researchers will administer a(n) ________ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment.
________ is to animal research as ________ is to human research.
Researchers might use ________ when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses.
A person’s participation in a research project must be ________.
Before participating in an experiment, individuals should read and sign the ________ form.
A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA.
________ refers to a person’s genetic makeup, while ________ refers to a person’s physical characteristics.
________ is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression.
Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.
The ________ receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons.
A(n) ________ facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system.
Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ________.
An action potential involves Na+ moving ________ the cell and K+ moving ________ the cell.
Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system.
If your ________ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease.
The central nervous system is comprised of ________.
Sympathetic activation is associated with ________.
The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.
Damage to the ________ disrupts one’s ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one’s ability to produce words intact.
A(n) ________ uses magnetic fields to create pictures of a given tissue.
Which of the following is not a structure of the forebrain?
The two major hormones secreted from the pancreas are:
The ________ secretes messenger hormones that direct the function of the rest of the endocrine glands.
The ________ gland secretes epinephrine.
The ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body’s fluid levels.
The body’s biological clock is located in the ________.
________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep.
________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours.
________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks.
Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ while we sleep.
The ________ plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep.
________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function.
________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks.
________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep.
Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep.
Symptoms of ________ may be improved by REM deprivation.
The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.
________ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy.
An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing.
The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications.
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________ is another word for sleepwalking.
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________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________.
________ refers to drug craving.
LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.
________ is most effective in individuals that are very open to the power of suggestion.
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________ has its roots in religious practice.
Meditation may be helpful in ________.
Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by ________.
________ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time.
Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as ________.
________ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.
________ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.
Which of the following correctly matches the pattern in our perception of color as we move from short wavelengths to long wavelengths?
The visible spectrum includes light that ranges from about ________.
The electromagnetic spectrum includes ________.
The audible range for humans is ________.
The quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave is known as ________.
The ________ is a small indentation of the retina that contains cones.
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________ operate best under bright light conditions.
________ depth cues require the use of both eyes.
If you were to stare at a green dot for a relatively long period of time and then shift your gaze to a blank white screen, you would see a ________ negative afterimage.
Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane respond best to ________ sounds.
The three ossicles of the middle ear are known as ________.
Hearing aids might be effective for treating ________.
Cues that require two ears are referred to as ________ cues.
Chemical messages often sent between two members of a species to communicate something about reproductive status are called ________.
Which taste is associated with monosodium glutamate?
________ serve as sensory receptors for temperature and pain stimuli.
Which of the following is involved in maintaining balance and body posture?
According to the principle of ________, objects that occur close to one another tend to be grouped together.
Our tendency to perceive things as complete objects rather than as a series of parts is known as the principle of ________.
According to the law of ________, we are more likely to perceive smoothly flowing lines rather than choppy or jagged lines.
The main point of focus in a visual display is known as the ________.
Which of the following is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the development of a human being?
Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that ________.
Two forms of associative learning are ________ and ________.
In ________ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior.
A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n) ________.
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In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates ________.
Extinction occurs when ________.
In Pavlov’s work with dogs, the psychic secretions were ________.
________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.
Which of the following is not an example of a primary reinforcer?
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Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is ________.
Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?
The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a ________.
In Bandura’s Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they ________.
Which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process?
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Who proposed observational learning?
Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of ________.
Which of the following is an example of a prototype for the concept of leadership on an athletic team?
Which of the following is an example of an artificial concept?
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An event schema is also known as a cognitive ________.
________ provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences.
________ are the smallest unit of language that carry meaning.
The meaning of words and phrases is determined by applying the rules of ________.
________ is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language.
A specific formula for solving a problem is called ________.
A mental shortcut in the form of a general problem-solving framework is called ________.
Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem?
Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision?
Fluid intelligence is characterized by ________.
Which of the following is not one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences?
Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence?
When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using most?
In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ________.
The mean score for a person with an average IQ is ________.
Who developed the IQ test most widely used today?
The DSM-5 now uses ________ as a diagnostic label for what was once referred to as mental retardation.
Where does high intelligence come from?
Arthur Jensen believed that ________.
What is a learning disability?
Which of the following statements is true?
________ is a memory store with a phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and a central executive.
The storage capacity of long-term memory is ________.
The three functions of memory are ________.
This physical trace of memory is known as the ________.
An exceptionally clear recollection of an important event is a (an) ________.
________ is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner.
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ________.
The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.
When you are learning how to play the piano, the statement “Every good boy does fine” can help you remember the notes E, G, B, D, and F for the lines of the treble clef. This is an example of a (an) ________.
According to a study by Yogo and Fujihara (2008), if you want to improve your short-term memory, you should spend time writing about ________.
The self-referencing effect refers to ________.
Memory aids that help organize information for encoding are ________.