front 1 Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?
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front 2 Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.
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front 3 In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________.
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front 4 Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.
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front 5 ________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.
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front 6 Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
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front 7 The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.
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front 8 A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
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front 9 An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.
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front 10 . In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.
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front 11 A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
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front 12 If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, they would probably need a ________ degree in psychology.
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front 13 The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.
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front 14 Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?
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front 15 . One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.
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front 16 Scientific hypotheses are ________ and falsifiable.
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front 17 ________ are defined as observable realities.
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front 18 Scientific knowledge is ________.
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front 19 A major criticism of Freud’s early theories involves the fact that his theories ________.
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front 20 Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): ________.
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front 21 . ________ involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments.
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front 22 The major limitation of case studies is ________.
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front 23 The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is ________.
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front 24 Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as ________.
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front 25 ________ involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time.
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front 26 A(n) ________ is a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paper form.
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front 27 Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of ________.
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front 28 Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that:
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front 29 Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
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front 30 Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?
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front 31 The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when ________.
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front 32 ________ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study.
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front 33 The ________ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter.
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front 34 Researchers must ________ important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined.
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front 35 Sometimes, researchers will administer a(n) ________ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment.
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front 36 ________ is to animal research as ________ is to human research.
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front 37 Researchers might use ________ when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses.
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front 38 A person’s participation in a research project must be ________.
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front 39 Before participating in an experiment, individuals should read and sign the ________ form.
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front 40 A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA.
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front 41 ________ refers to a person’s genetic makeup, while ________ refers to a person’s physical characteristics.
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front 42 ________ is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression.
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front 43 Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.
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front 44 The ________ receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons.
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front 45 A(n) ________ facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system.
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front 46 Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ________.
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front 47 An action potential involves Na+ moving ________ the cell and K+ moving ________ the cell.
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front 48 Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system.
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front 49 If your ________ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease.
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front 50 The central nervous system is comprised of ________.
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front 51 Sympathetic activation is associated with ________.
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front 52 The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.
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front 53 Damage to the ________ disrupts one’s ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one’s ability to produce words intact.
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front 54 A(n) ________ uses magnetic fields to create pictures of a given tissue.
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front 55 Which of the following is not a structure of the forebrain?
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front 56 The two major hormones secreted from the pancreas are:
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front 57 The ________ secretes messenger hormones that direct the function of the rest of the endocrine glands.
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front 58 The ________ gland secretes epinephrine.
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front 59 The ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body’s fluid levels.
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front 60 The body’s biological clock is located in the ________.
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front 61 ________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep.
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front 62 ________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours.
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front 63 ________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks.
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front 64 Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ while we sleep.
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front 65 The ________ plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep.
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front 66 ________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function.
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front 67 ________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks.
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front 68 ________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep.
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front 69 Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep.
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front 70 Symptoms of ________ may be improved by REM deprivation.
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front 71 The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.
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front 72 ________ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy.
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front 73 An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing.
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front 74 The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications.
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front 75 . ________ is another word for sleepwalking.
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front 76 . ________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.
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front 77 Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________.
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front 78 ________ refers to drug craving.
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front 79 LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.
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front 80 ________ is most effective in individuals that are very open to the power of suggestion.
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front 81 . ________ has its roots in religious practice.
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front 82 Meditation may be helpful in ________.
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front 83 Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by ________.
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front 84 ________ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time.
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front 85 Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as ________.
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front 86 ________ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.
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front 87 ________ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.
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front 88 Which of the following correctly matches the pattern in our perception of color as we move from short wavelengths to long wavelengths?
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front 89 The visible spectrum includes light that ranges from about ________.
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front 90 The electromagnetic spectrum includes ________.
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front 91 The audible range for humans is ________.
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front 92 The quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave is known as ________.
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front 93 The ________ is a small indentation of the retina that contains cones.
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front 94 . ________ operate best under bright light conditions.
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front 95 ________ depth cues require the use of both eyes.
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front 96 If you were to stare at a green dot for a relatively long period of time and then shift your gaze to a blank white screen, you would see a ________ negative afterimage.
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front 97 Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane respond best to ________ sounds.
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front 98 The three ossicles of the middle ear are known as ________.
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front 99 Hearing aids might be effective for treating ________.
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front 100 Cues that require two ears are referred to as ________ cues.
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front 101 Chemical messages often sent between two members of a species to communicate something about reproductive status are called ________.
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front 102 Which taste is associated with monosodium glutamate?
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front 103 ________ serve as sensory receptors for temperature and pain stimuli.
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front 104 Which of the following is involved in maintaining balance and body posture?
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front 105 According to the principle of ________, objects that occur close to one another tend to be grouped together.
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front 106 Our tendency to perceive things as complete objects rather than as a series of parts is known as the principle of ________.
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front 107 According to the law of ________, we are more likely to perceive smoothly flowing lines rather than choppy or jagged lines.
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front 108 The main point of focus in a visual display is known as the ________.
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front 109 Which of the following is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the development of a human being?
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front 110 Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that ________.
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front 111 Two forms of associative learning are ________ and ________.
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front 112 In ________ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior.
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front 113 A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n) ________.
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front 114 . In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates ________.
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front 115 Extinction occurs when ________.
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front 116 In Pavlov’s work with dogs, the psychic secretions were ________.
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front 117 ________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.
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front 118 Which of the following is not an example of a primary reinforcer?
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front 119 . Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is ________.
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front 120 Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?
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front 121 The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a ________.
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front 122 In Bandura’s Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they ________.
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front 123 Which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process?
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front 124 . Who proposed observational learning?
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front 125 Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of ________.
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front 126 Which of the following is an example of a prototype for the concept of leadership on an athletic team?
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front 127 Which of the following is an example of an artificial concept?
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front 128 . An event schema is also known as a cognitive ________.
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front 129 ________ provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences.
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front 130 ________ are the smallest unit of language that carry meaning.
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front 131 The meaning of words and phrases is determined by applying the rules of ________.
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front 132 ________ is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language.
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front 133 A specific formula for solving a problem is called ________.
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front 134 A mental shortcut in the form of a general problem-solving framework is called ________.
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front 135 Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem?
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front 136 Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision?
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front 137 Fluid intelligence is characterized by ________.
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front 138 Which of the following is not one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences?
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front 139 Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence?
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front 140 When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using most?
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front 141 In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ________.
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front 142 The mean score for a person with an average IQ is ________.
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front 143 Who developed the IQ test most widely used today?
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front 144 The DSM-5 now uses ________ as a diagnostic label for what was once referred to as mental retardation.
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front 145 Where does high intelligence come from?
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front 146 Arthur Jensen believed that ________.
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front 147 What is a learning disability?
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front 148 Which of the following statements is true?
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front 149 ________ is a memory store with a phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and a central executive.
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front 150 The storage capacity of long-term memory is ________.
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front 151 The three functions of memory are ________.
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front 152 This physical trace of memory is known as the ________.
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front 153 An exceptionally clear recollection of an important event is a (an) ________.
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front 154 ________ is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner.
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front 155 Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ________.
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front 156 The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.
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front 157 When you are learning how to play the piano, the statement “Every good boy does fine” can help you remember the notes E, G, B, D, and F for the lines of the treble clef. This is an example of a (an) ________.
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front 158 According to a study by Yogo and Fujihara (2008), if you want to improve your short-term memory, you should spend time writing about ________.
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front 159 The self-referencing effect refers to ________.
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front 160 Memory aids that help organize information for encoding are ________.
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