1:How can you sign in to your Avid Master Account when starting work in Pro Tools? What is required to sign in to your account?

Projects>sign in [top left]

Needs an account, a username, and password

1:Why is it important to select the audio interface you want to use prior to creating or opening a session? What dialog box can you use for this purpose?

To switch between multiple connected audio interfaces; switch to/from your computer's built in audio

Playback Engine Dialogue Box

1:What is the H/W Buffer Size setting in the Playback Engine dialog box used for? What kinds of tracks are affected by this setting?

Determines the number of samples passed from the audio interface to the computer's CPU at once for host-based processing tasks, such as Native plug-in processing

Audio tracks being recorded simultaneously, tracks with processing-intensive effects.

1:What dialog box can you use to configure the available options for your connected audio interface?

Hardware set up

[setup>hardware]

1:How can you specify the I/O settings that Pro Tools will use when creating a new session from the Dashboard?

using the I/O pop-up menu

1:Where are changes to Pro Tools I/O settings saved? Are they stored in the session or on the system?

Saved on your system as your Last Used I/O settings

1:What dialog box can you use to rename signal paths?

In I/O Setup

[Setup>I/O]

1:How can you configure an audition path in Pro Tools?

Setup>I/O

Click the Output tab

Click the Audition Path selector and select alternate Output path

1:What are some ways to open a recently used project or session on a system?

File>Open Recent, select file

File>Create New or File>Open Project, then click recent

1:What shortcut operation can you use to add an individual Audio track to your session?

Command/Ctrl+Double Click

1:What options are available for changing the display of the Mix and Edit windows? What are some of the optional views available in each window?

Edit Window View selector: above track display, toggle views on/off, escape to close; inserts, sends, track color

Ruler View selector: Main Timebase Ruler display, select rulers to toggle on/off; rulers, markers

Mix Window View selector: lower left corner of mix window, select views to toggle on/off; inserts, sends, I/O

1:How can you easily show or hide tracks in Pro Tools? What is the difference between hiding a track and deleting a track?

track list, click track show/hide icon [black dot]

Hiding=can still be used, just has to be unhidden

Deleting=gone for good

1:What are some options available in the Track List pop-up menu?

Track specific commands

Show only certain track types

2:What are some of the features enabled by Pro Tools | Ultimate software?

-Full surround mixing capabilities

-Advanced automation features including Snapshot automation and Glide Automation commands

-Video Editing features

2:What is required to import and arrange multiple video clips on a Video track?

Pro Tools | Ultimate subscription

2:Name some areas of focus available for Workspace browsers in Pro Tools.

-Sound Libraries

-Volumes

-Session

-Track Presets

-Catalogs

-User

2:What are some of the functions that you can perform using a Workspace browser?

-aces, view, and search the contents of your drives

-designate the function of each drive

-view, manage, audition, and import files from a drive

-locate and open a session from a drive

2:How can you audition files from a browser? How can you audition them in context with your session?

Select audio file, press space

Enable Audio Files Conform to Session Tempo, activate playback of your session by pressing the zero key on your numeric keypad, activate the preview as above.

2:What is Soundbase? What are tags in Soundbase?

Soundbase is a Workspace browser window that allows you to find audio files using tags

Tags are descriptive labels that are saved as metadata [file properties] within a WAV or AIFF audio file

2:What are some available destinations when importing audio from a Workspace browser or Soundbase?

Can be imported to Clip List or tracks

2:What are some of the different types of media you can import into Pro Tools (in addition to audio files)?

Audio, MIDI, Video

2:What command allows you to import entire tracks from another Pro Tools session into your current session?

File>Import>Session Data or Option+Shift+i

2:What types of clips can be grouped together as a clip group? Can clips of different types be combined into a single clip group?

Audio, MIDI, or video clips

Multitrack clip groups have clips from other tracks, can be audio, midi, video

2:How many clips are required for a clip group? Can clip groups contain silence?

No minimum required clips

Clip groups can contain silence

2:What kind of icon is used to indicate a clip group? Where is the icon located?

A media-type symbol inside a shaded box or container

Bottom left of the group

2:What do the Ungroup and Ungroup All commands do? How would you go about reassembling a clip group after using one of these command?

Ungroup-return contained clips to their original state

Ungroup All-ungroups all nested clips simultaneously

Regroup undoes last ungroup command

3:What menu would you use to display Conductor rulers, such as Meter and Tempo? How can you display rulers without using a main menu?

View>Rulers

Ruler View Selector [top left of rulers], esc when done

3:What are the default tempo and meter for all Pro Tools sessions?

120 BPM; 4/4 time

3:What modifier key would you hold while clicking on a ruler to add a Meter or Tempo change to your session?

Control (mac) or Start (windows)

3:What main menu provides access to the Tempo Operations window? What is the purpose of the Linear page in the Tempo Operations window?

The Event Window; tempo change window [midi controls section in transport window]

Linear Tempo Change: create tempos that change evenly over a selected range of time

3:How can you configure Pro Tools to use a virtual instrument as the sound source for the metronome click? How can you control what notes are played for the accented and unaccented beats?

setup > click/countoff or dbl click metronome button

change note pitch

3:Describe at least three different ways to make a selection for recording.

-Click clip with grabber tool

-during playback: down arrow key where it starts, up where it ends

-Grid mode, timeline selection points: In point at beginning, out at the end

3:Describe three ways to set the pre- and post-roll values. What modifier do you use to set pre- and post-roll by clicking in a track playlist?

-View > Transport > Expanded; fill in pre- and post-roll fields

-create selection; selector tool: option/alt-click before/after to set pre-/post-roll

-Grid Mode, drag pre-/post-roll flags to new locations in main timebase ruler

Option-Click in a playlist

3:What keyboard shortcut can you use to toggle Pre/Post Roll on and off?

CMD/CTRL+K

options>pre/post-roll

3:What are alternate playlists in Pro Tools? How can playlists be useful when recording multiple takes?

Alternate playlists allow you to create multiple versions of the track, each containing a different arrangement of clips

If one take is better than the others

3:When might you use the Pro Tools Preferences setting called Send Fully Overlapped Clips to Available Playlist While Recording? How can you ensure that the original audio gets moved to a playlist when rerecording just a section of the original using this setting?

When you want to keep every take

Setup>Preferences- editing tab- send fully overlapped clips to available playlist while recording

separate at original clip

3:What are some differences in the way audio and MIDI clips are created when loop recording? How would you go about enabling loop recording for audio or MIDI?

Audio- creates single audio file for all takes; if interrupted before midpoint of loop, the entire take for the pass is disregarded

MIDI- new clips are created; if interrupted, entire clip is retained

3:What Preferences setting do you need to use to enable automatic playlist creation when Loop Recording?

Setup>Prefrences- operation- Automatically Create New Playlists When Loop Recording

3:How can you cycle through alternate takes from playlists? How can you audition takes from playlists while cycling through them?

Previous:Command/CTRL+Shift+Up Arrow

Next: Command/CTRL+Shift+Down Arrow

Audition: options>loop playback- select current record- start playback- cycle through takes

3:What is the purpose of MIDI Merge mode? How can you perform a MIDI Merge recording while looping?

MIDI merge adds data to an existing MIDI clip

No

4:What timebase do Audio Tracks default to? MIDI Tracks? Instrument Tracks?

Audio: Sample

MIDI: Tick

Instrument: Tick

4:Which Pro Tools timescales are absolute? Which are relative? What is the difference between absolute and relative timescales?

Absolute-- Samples, Mins:Secs, Timecode, Feet + Frames

Relative-- Bars|Beats

Absolute doesn't change, relative change dynamically with the session tempo

4:How do audio clips respond to tempo changes on a sample-based track? How do they respond if you change the track to tick-based (without using Elastic Audio)?

Audio clips on sample-based: audio will remain fixed at its absolute location when tempo is modified

Tick based: start will become fixed to the Bars|Beats ruler, clips will move relative to the sample timeline

4:Pro Tools provides 960 ticks per quarter note; how many ticks does it provide per half note? How many per eighth note?

1/2: 1920 ticks

1/8: 480

4:Why might you want to render a MIDI performance to audio? What are some available options for rendering a virtual instrument’s output to an audio file?

To use audio editing features like adding fade-ins and outs, and AudioSuite processing.

drag MIDI clips to an audio track, freeze the track [snowflake button]; right-click nameplate, click freeze; Track>Freeze

4:What are some of the different options available for viewing data on MIDI and Instrument tracks in the Edit window? What kinds of operations can you perform in each view?

Clips:Displays data in clips for arranging and assembling

Notes: displays notes as small individual segments in piano-roll style

Velocity: displays note attack velocities using velocity stalks

Volume, Pan, and Controller Graph Views: siaplay automation playlists and continuous controller line graphs

4:Where are the MIDI input and output controls located for MIDI tracks in the Mix window? Where are they located for Instrument tracks?

MIDI: Under the I/O section

Instrument: Top part, under the Instrument section

4:What does the MIDI Thru option do? How is it enabled?

Allows incoming MIDI data to pass through a track to its MIDI output

Setup> Preferences- MIDI- click default thru instrument- follows first selected MIDI track

4:What is the Default Thru Instrument setting used for? How can you change the Default Thru Instrument setting?

Allows you to audition MIDI by selecting a MIDI or Instrument track routed to the target virtual instrument

Setup> Preferences- MIDI- click default thru instrument

4:What keyboard modifier would you use when clicking on a MIDI clip in the Clip List to audition it? What is required for this process to play sound?

Option/Alt-Click the MIDI clip in the Clip List

4:How is editing MIDI data different from editing audio? How are MIDI notes affected when deleting a selection or trimming a clip compared to how audio waveforms are affected?

MIDI notes and parameters can be modified in ways audio cannot

Deleting/trimming a selection of MIDI notes:

-starting at the end of the note, keeps the whole note clip

-starting at the beginning of the note, deletes the whole note clip

4:What are some of the functions of the Pencil tool when editing MIDI notes?

In Notes view, the Pencil behaves like a smart tool

-grabber when over the middle of a MIDI event

-Trim tool when over either end

-Option->selector

-Control->Marquee Grabber

-Command->Velocity Trimmer over middle of the note

4:What setting normally determines the Default Note Duration when adding notes with the Pencil tool? How can this setting be changed?

The current Grid value

Default Note Duration selector in the toolbar- Select desired note value OR select Follow Grid to match selected grid value

4:How can you select a range of MIDI notes using the on-screen keyboard?

Select, shift-click to add to current selection

4:What process can be used to transpose MIDI notes? What modifier can you use to transpose a selection up or down by an octave at a time?

Select notes:

-arrow up/down to move by half-steps

-Control+arrow up/down to move by whole steps

-Shift+arrow up/down to move by octaves

4:How can you edit MIDI note velocities from the computer keyboard?

Command+arrow up/down to move by 5 units

Command+Shift+arrow up/down to move by 15 units

4:Describe some different ways of deleting notes on a MIDI or Instrument track. What track views allow you to delete notes?

Notes or Velocity view

-Edit>clear

-delete

-pencil tool- hold option- click note

5:How would you go about enabling Elastic Audio on a track?

Track header- second on the bottom left [looks like an upside-down Y]

5:Which real-time Elastic Audio plug-in typically works best for drums? Which typically works best for vocals?

Drums: Rhythmic

Vocals: Monophonic

5:Which Elastic Audio plug-in provides only Rendered processing? When/why would you want to use Rendered processing?

X-Form

Less demanding on resources

5:What can the Elastic Audio analysis’ tempo detection determine about an audio file? What are some conditions that will cause no tempo to be detected?

The length of the file based on bars|beats

single transient, tracks with tempo changes, inconsistent beat

5:Where are Warp Indicators displayed? What are they used for?

Top right corner of clip

To indicate that processing has been applied

5:What views are available for working with Elastic Audio-enabled tracks? What is each view used for?

Analysis- edit event markers

Warp view- allows you to manipulate clips and timing

5:Name the three types of Elastic Audio markers. What are the differences between them?

Event- indicate detected audio events

Warp- anchor audio to the timeline

Tempo generated warp- indicates where elastic audio processing has been applied due to tempo event

5:What are some ways to add Warp markers to a clip? List at least three.

Control+Click

Double click on event marker

click with pencil

5:What is a Telescoping Warp? How does it differ from an Accordion Warp? From a Range Warp?

Telescoping- Allows you to stretch/compress the entire waveform/clip

Accordion- applies processing to either side of the warp marker

Range- applies processing between two fixed points

5:What is the effect of quantizing a selection on an Elastic Audio-enabled track? What happens to the Event markers within the selection?

The event markers close to the grid turn to warp markers and they will be matched to the grid

[Takes audio and puts it in time]

5:Why is it important to have accurate Event markers in your clips when applying Quantize operations on Elastic Audio-enabled tracks?

So that you don't have false transients which could alter the timing/quality of the clip

5:After enabling a track for Elastic Audio, how would you enable the track to update dynamically to match any subsequent tempo changes you make in the session?

Make sure it's set to be tick based

5:What are some ways to improve the quality of audio that has been warped with Elastic Audio processing?

Edit event markers

use X-Form

5:What is meant by Event Confidence? How can Event Confidence be used to eliminate false transients when applying TCE processing on Elastic Audio-enabled tracks?

Event confidence- Based on the clarity of the transient

By adjusting the level, then it won't pick up false transients

5:What are two ways to apply Elastic Audio pitch transposition? What are some applications for using each option?

In the elastic properties window- good for using across clips

Transpose window- good for using across tracks [especially MIDI]

6:What are the functions available with the Smart Tools? How can you access the Selector with Smart Tool active? How can you access the Grabber?

Selector- Upper half of clip

Trim- near clip boundary

Grabber- lower half of clip, not near clip boundary

6:How can you create fades with the Smart Tool? How can you specify the fade curves that the Smart Tool applies?

Drag from clip boundaries into the clip/clips

Setup>Preferences- editing tab- default fade settings- choose desired fade curve settings

6:What menu command would you choose to open a Fades dialog box? What is the associated keyboard shortcut?

Edit>Fades>Create

Command+F

6:What are some options for previewing crossfades in the Fades dialog box?

Audition button

Fade curves only

Fade curves and Separate Waveforms

Fade Curves and Superimposed Waveforms

Fade curves and summed waveforms

6:What are some options for saving and recalling fade shapes or configurations in the Fades dialog boxes?

Fade Presets [edit preset: command-click the preset box]

Save as a named preset: configure fade as desired- click librarian menu- save settings as

6:What operations can you use to edit existing fades on a track playlist?

Change to different fade settings: double-click with grabber tool- modify settings in the dialogue box

Change to different fade curve: right-click with any edit tool- Fades- select fade shape/slope

Using keyboard: option+control+left/right arrow to change to next/previous fade shape

6:What is the purpose of the Quantize function in Pro Tools? What are some different ways to apply quantization?

To correct or modify the timing of rhythmic material

Input Quantize: Event>Event Operations>Input Quantize- Enable Input Quantize

MIDI Data: make a selection- Event> Event Operations> Quantize- what to quantize, choose note attributes

Audio Clips: Select audio clip(s)- Event> Event Operations> Quantize, or press Option+0 [zero]; Audio clips- configure options and parameters

Elastic Audio: Option+0> Elastic Audio Events, configure settings

6:What is the purpose of quantizing audio clips? How is this different from quantizing Elastic Audio?

Adjusts clip start times

Keeps the same length of the clip, just moves the beginning to the grid line

6:What feature lets you apply changes to a MIDI performance without permanently altering the underlying MIDI data on a track?

Real-Time Properties View

6:What types of tracks and clips are affected by Real-Time Properties?

MIDI and Instrument tracks

6:What are some of the differences between the Real-Time Properties view in the Edit window and the Real-Time Properties floating window? Which allows you to apply clip-based Real-Time Properties?

Edit- applies real-time properties to the track

Floating- apply real-time properties to selected tracks or clips

floating

7:Describe the process of creating a clip loop. What are some of the options available in the Clip Looping dialog box?

Select an audio clip, MIDI clip, or clip group, or select clips across multiple tracks- Clip>Loop to open the dialogue box [Option+Command+L]

-Number of Loops

-Loop Length

-Loop Until End of Session or Next Clip

-Enable Crossfade to create crossfades at the loop points

7:What are the two ways that the Trim tool can be used to edit a clip loop?

-If the tool is in the main part of the clip, the entire clip loop can be trimmed in or out, adding or removing loop iterations as needed [Hold Control while trimming to add/remove whole loop iterations]

-If the tool is in line with a Loop icon, the source clip and all iterations will be trimmed

7:How would you go about creating a loop from several separate clips on a track that you want to have repeat as a unit?

Make them into a clip group, then loop the clip group

7:What happens to clip loops when you choose the Clip > Ungroup All command?

All loop iterations will be flattened [made into individual copies of the source clip] and all clip groups will be ungrouped, down to the lowest nested level

7:What is the difference between Absolute and Relative Grid Modes? When would you use each?

Absolute- Moving any clip or MIDI note snaps the clip point to the Grid boundaries

Relative- Moving any clip or MIDI note moves it in grid increments

7:What is the purpose of Layered Editing mode? How can Layered Editing be enabled or disabled?

Preserves underlying clips when clips are overlapped

Options>Layered Editing; Layered Editing button [under pencil tool]

7:Do AudioSuite plug-ins provide real-time processing or non-real-time processing? When might you use AudioSuite processing instead of a plug-in insert?

Non-real-time processing

Conserve real-time processing resources, to apply it to certain parts of a track, to be written into a file for use outside of the session

7:What does the Use In Playlist button do in the AudioSuite plug-in window? How can you tell when this option is active?

Controls whether the processed audio will replace your selection on the track

when selected, it will appear blue

7:Explain the difference between applying AudioSuite processing as “Clip by Clip” versus “Entire Selection."

Clip by Clip: Analyzes each clip in a selection individually; helpful when you want to apply the effect for each individual clip separately

Entire Selection: Analyzes entire selection as if it were one complete clip; useful when applying continuous processing to all of the clips in a selection

7:Why is it important to consider the Handle Length setting when processing with an AudioSuite plug-in? What types of processing might be affected by AudioSuite handles?

It affects carry over on underlying clips

It may affect reverb and dynamics

7:What modifier key can you use to audition a clip in the Clip List?

Option-click

7:How could you set the Clip List for a session you just opened to display only your newly recorded and edited clips going forward?

Clip List Pop-up menu, Include Subsequently Added Clips option

7:What are some options for selecting multiple clips in the Clip List? How can you select a range of contiguous clips? How can you select non-contiguous clips?

Range: Click and drag on left side, shift-click highest and lowest clips you want

multiple individual: Command-click clips you want

7:What is the difference between removing clips versus moving to trash or deleting clips using the Clear command in the Clip List?

Trash: moves clips and parent files to trash

Delete: removes clips and permanently deletes associated parent files from disk

7:What are some options for making selections or subset clips available outside of the current session? What is the purpose of the Capture command when exporting clips?

Edit> Consolidate Clip; right-click- Reveal In Finder

Lets you create a new subset clip in the Clip List without making a separation on the track

8:Where can you assign the color coding that Pro Tools will automatically apply for tracks and clips? How can you display track color bars in the Mix and Edit windows?

Setup> Preferences> Display tab

View- Mix/Edit Window Views- Track Color

8:Describe the track icons used for the following track types in the Mix window: Audio, Aux Input, MIDI, Instrument, and Master Fader.

Audio-waveform

Aux-down arrow

MIDI-5-pin connector

Instrument- keyboard

Master Fader- Sigma [ Σ ]

8:What are some of the track status indicators available in the Edit window? Describe at least three.

Freeze

Solo

Mute

8:How many inserts are available on a track in Pro Tools? Why is it important to consider the order in which inserts are arranged on a track?

10

They process in a series

8:Are inserts pre-fader or post-fader on Audio tracks, Instrument tracks, and Aux Input tracks? Are inserts any different on Master Fader tracks? Explain.

Audio, Instrument, Aux: Pre-fader

Master Fader: Post-fader

8:Are sends pre-fader or post-fader on Audio tracks, Instrument tracks, and Aux Input tracks? Are sends any different on Master Fader tracks? Explain.

Either

No sends on Master

8:How many sends are available on a track in Pro Tools?

10

8:What is the difference between an Output send and a Bus send? When would you use each?

Output- outputs through audio interface to an external processor

Bus- routes through internal mix bus

8:What level does a send default to when it is first created? How can you change this default?

-- infinity

Setup> preferences > mixing tab- sends default to "-INF"

8:What is the difference between standard view and expanded view for sends? What keyboard modifier can you use to toggle between view modes by clicking a send selector?

Standard- Sends A-E & F-J

Expanded- Each send position can be configured to display its assignment in an expanded view across all tracks

Command-Click send selector

8:How can you prevent a “return” track from muting when one of the source tracks is soloed? What modifier key is used to enable this function?

Solo Safe Mode

Command-click the solo button

8:What is the effect of enabling the PRE button in a send window? What is the effect of enabling the FMP button?

PRE: makes the send level independent of the track's output fader position

FMP: links the Send pan to the main pan for the track, allowing for fast setup of cue mixes or effects

8:How can you visually determine whether the Inverse Pan option is enabled for a send? What button(s) will be highlighted?

Linking button, and Inverse button enabled

8:How can you copy a send from one track to another track and duplicate its settings? What considerations might apply?

Drag and drop

Copy it: Option-click send assignment, then drag it to a new position

Moving stereo sends from a stereo to a mono track

8:Which type of plug-in effects are generally used on inserts? Which are generally used with sends? Why?

Inserts: EQ and Gain based processing

Sends: Reverb and other Time based processing

8:What is the Librarian menu used for in a plug-in window? What is displayed in the Librarian menu when you first assign a plug-in? Why?

Lets you select from avaliable presets for the current plug-in

<Factory Default>

8:What are some of the uses of a Master Fader? How can you assign a Master Fader to the desired output or bus?

Control and process output mixes, monitor and meter an output level to guard against clipping, control submix levels

Audio Output Path Selector, set to the same main output bus

9:What are some of the parameters that you can automate in Pro Tools?

-Volume, Pan, and Mute on Audio, MIDI, Instrument Tracks, and Aux Inputs

-Volume controls on Master Faders

-Send Volume, Send Pan, and Send Mute

9:What are some differences between MIDI controller automation data and Pro Tools audio automation? What kinds of tracks can Pro Tools audio automation be used on (Audio, MIDI, etc.)?

Pro Tools audio automation provides much higher resolution than MIDI controller automation

More precise control

Audio, Instrument, Aux

9:What selector can you use to set the automation mode for a track? Where is this selector located?

Automation Mode Selector

in the mix and edit window

9:What is the difference between the Write, Touch, and Latch automation modes?

Write- Automation starts writing for all enabled parameters when playback starts, overwriting any previous automation data

Touch- Automation starts writing when an enabled parameter is modified. Modified parameters only write while being held

Latch- Automation starts writing when an enabled parameter is modified. Modified parameters continue writing automation after being released.

9:When might you suspend automation? What is the difference between the Suspend button and the Write Enable buttons?

Lets you temporarily ignore all automation in the session so that you can freely adjust volume, pan, and other parameters without affecting underlying automation.

Suspend- Suspends writing and playback of all automation parameters for all tracks

Write Enable- Enable or disable writing for the corresponding automation parameter across all tracks

9:What are the advantages of using Touch or Latch mode over using Write mode? In what scenarios would you use Latch mode? When would it make more sense to use Touch mode?

Latch- Set a parameter and let it ride through long sections of a mix. [initial automation passes to set levels for the different parts of a song]

Touch- To touch up small sections of existing automation [such as to boost a vocal for a specific line or word]

9:What are two ways to display an automation playlist in the Edit window?

Track View Selector- select the automation you want to view or edit

Show/Hide Lanes: click the square Show/Hide Lanes button at the bottom left head of the track

9:What are some common automation graphs that you may work with? How might automation be different for different types of parameters, with respect to available vertical positions?

Volume: enables you to edit volume automation using the Edit tools [anywhere on spectrum]

Pan: dragging a breakpoint up pans to the left, dragging down pans to the right, middle pans to the center, dragging left/right adjusts timing [top is left, bottom is right]

Mute: toggles between muted and unmuted states. Mute- drag down, unmute- up, left/right adjusts timing [on or off, up or down]

9:What are some ways that the Grabber tool can be used to edit an automation playlist? How would you go about Nudging automation breakpoints?

Grabber- adds breakpoints, click and drag point to move it to a new location

Nudge- select range, select nudge increment, hit + or - on the numeric keypad

9:What are some ways that the Pencil tool can be used to edit an automation playlist?

Draw in automation

9:How is cutting automation data different from deleting automation data?

Cut- removes, adds breakpoints at beginning of selection

Delete- removes, adds no breakpoints

9:What will be the result if you copy automation (Edit > Copy) from a track displaying Volume automation and paste the automation (Edit > Paste) on a track displaying Pan automation?

it won't copy over

9:How would you go about duplicating volume automation from a track on Send B for the track?

Paste Special, Command+Control+V

9:How can you delete individual breakpoints in an automation graph? How can you delete a range of automation breakpoints?

Option-click with the pencil

9:How can you clear all automation on a displayed automation graph? What modifier can you use to clear the automation across all automation graphs for a track?

-Select entire graph [triple-click]

-Press Delete or Edit>Clear

10:How is the Do-To-Selected function useful? What keyboard modifier set is used to access Do-To-Selected functionality?

To apply the same action over the selected tracks at once

Option+Shift

10:Describe the process of creating a drum submix. What kind of track is traditionally used as a submix destination?

Make a new mono/stereo Aux Input track, set all the tracks you want included to the same output [ex. Bus 3-4], set the input on the aux track made to match the bus [ex. Bus 3-4], set the aux's output to match the main stereo outputs, solo-safe the aux track

10:What is the difference between a Basic Folder track and a Routing Folder track? Which kind is useful for submixing?

Both can contain sets of other tracks, organizing them into collapsible track collections; though routing can be used for submixing

Routing

10:What process can you use to route the outputs of a set of tracks to a destination track?

set all the tracks you want included to the same output [ex. Bus 3-4], set the input on the aux track made to match the bus [ex. Bus 3-4]

10:What is the purpose of grouping tracks? How many track groups can you create in a session?

Useful to ensure that a certain set of tracks is always edited in an identical manner

104

10:What are some of the parameters that are affected by Edit groups? What are some of the parameters that can be included in a Mix group?

Affected Edit group parameters: track views, track heights, timebase settings, etc

Mix group can include: Main volume level, track panning, automation mode settings, track mode settings, etc.

10:What is the keyboard shortcut to create a Mix or Edit group from selected tracks?

command+G

10:How can you enable or disable a single group? How can you globally suspend all groups? How can you visually tell when groups have been suspended?

Single: in Group List, click the name of the group to enable/disable the group

All: Click the Group List Pop-Up selector and choose Suspend All Groups [Command+Shift+G]

They will be dimmed

10:How can you identify group membership of tracks in the Mix window?

Its group ID displays the active group name with a lowercase letter

If it's in more than one group, it displays an uppercase letter of the topmost group

10:How can you quickly select all members of a group? How might this be useful?

click the column to the left of the group name to select its member tracks

If you might want to edit the tracks, see what all is in the group

10:What are some options for modifying or deleting a group?

Modify: name, type, options, track membership

Delete: mix window- Group ID- Delete [or] right-click group name in Group List- Delete

10:What is the purpose of the All group? Can you modify track membership or delete this group?

When active, it overrides all other groups in the session, combining tracks in the session into a single large group

No

10:When is it necessary to apply Dither? Where should you insert a dither plug-in?

When reducing bit-depth

A Master Fader

10:What is noise shaping used for in a dither plug-in? How is noise shaping used by the POW-r dither plug-in?

Helps improve the signal-to-noise ratio of dither

POW-r Dither improves audio performance and reduces the perceptible noise inherent in dither by shifting noise components to a less audible range

10:What are the steps involved in creating a session archive? Why is it important to use the Save Copy In command before compacting sound files?

1. Clear unused files from the session

2. Create a copy of the session [Save Copy In]

3. Compact the parent files