Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because

massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation

Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?

Systemic lupus erythematosus

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.

III

RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-_____ woman with an _____ Rh-_____ antibody titer carrying an Rh-_____ fetus.

negative; negative; positive

Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?

HIV/AIDS

Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they

develop recurrent infections.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)

deficient immune response

Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person’s cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins.

HLA or MHC

The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is

selective IgA

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by

recipient antibodies

The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type

IV

The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

IgE

Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves

impaired muscle function

A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is

mast cells

An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is

histamine

The effects of histamine release include

increased vascular permeability

Autoimmune diseases result from (Select all that apply.)

overactive immune function.

failure of the immune system to differentiate self and nonself molecules.

Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by (Select all that apply.)

surgery.

high blood sugar.

corticosteroids.

low protein level.

Anaphylaxis may occur in certain hypersensitivity reactions, including type (Select all that apply.)

I.
II.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type ____ hypersensitivity reactions

I

The major cause of death from leukemic disease is

Infection

A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest X-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is

myeloma

Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?

Myeloma

The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is

infection

While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is

activity restriction

The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called

bcr-abl

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?

CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)

In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?

Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising

What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?

CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with

Epstein-Barr virus.

Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which

stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient

A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is

Bence Jones proteins in the urine

A 5-year-old patient’s parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk due to pain. The child’s most likely diagnosis is

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

The patient is a 12-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Manifestations of the patient’s leukemia prior to treatment may include (Select all that apply.)

anemia.

leukocytosis.

thrombocytopenia

Which viruses have been implicated as cancer-causing agents? (Select all that apply.)

Epstein-Barr

Human T-cell leukemia

Human immunodeficiency

A patient is diagnosed with CML (chronic myeloid leukemia). The patient may experience which of these symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Fatigue

Weight loss

Abdominal discomfort

Sweats

The only known curative treatment for CML is _____ bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor.

allogeneic

Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the _________.

spinal cord

A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of

vitamin K deficiency

The final step in clot formation is

clot retraction

Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency

Liver

The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in

fibrinolysis

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by

tissue thromboplastin

The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (International Normalized Ratio) measure the integrity of

extrinsic pathway

The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of

the intrinsic pathway

A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is

aspirin

The megakaryocyte is a precursor to

platelets

A cause of thrombocytopenia includes

chemotherapy

Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with

hemophilia

Treatment for hemophilia A includes

factor VIII replacement

Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to

inhibit clotting factor consumption

A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs

platelet adhesion to injured tissue

A patient presents to the physician’s office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years

4 and 7

A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with

telangiectasia

A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing

vitamin K deficiency bleeding

What is involved in the release of plasminogen activators? Select all that applies

Factor XII

HMWK

Kallikrein

Thrombin

The ________ is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of factor VIII

liver

Hemophilia B is also known as ________ disease

Christmas

A male patient involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought to the emergency department with acute flank pain. What additional signs of bleeding may the patient exhibit? (Select all that apply.)

Hematuria

Melena

Hematemesis

Hemoptysis

Which diseases may be associated with a bleeding problem? (Select all that apply.)

Renal failure

Cirrhosis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Ovarian cancer