front 1 The body system that includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra | back 1 Urinary System |
front 2 Function of the urinary system | back 2 maintain electrolyte balance;
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front 3 The functional unit of the kidney | back 3 nephron |
front 4 The cluster of capillaries, forming part of the nephron "little ball of yarn" that forms filtrate | back 4 glomerulus |
front 5 "foot cells" | back 5 podocytes |
front 6 capsule of the nephron | back 6 Bowman's Capsule |
front 7 3 functions of the nephron | back 7 filtration;
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front 8 The smooth collapsible, muscular sac that stores urine temporarily (storage resevoir for urine) | back 8 urinary bladder |
front 9 3 parts of the glomerular filtration membrane | back 9 fenestrated glomeralar endothelium (capillary);
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front 10 macula densa | back 10 chemoreceptors/osmoreceptors |
front 11 JG (juxtaglomerular)cells | back 11 mechanoreceptors |
front 12 ureter | back 12 exits pelvis of the kidney to urinary bladder |
front 13 urethra | back 13 expels urine to the outside of the body |
front 14 the openings in the glomerular endothelium [L. fedestratus, windows] | back 14 Fenestatal |
front 15 functional unit of the kidney, consisting of the renal corpuscle, the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule | back 15 Nephron |
front 16 one of two tubes conducting urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder | back 16 Ureter |
front 17 tube conducting urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body | back 17 Urethra |
front 18 Inability to prevent the discharge of any of the excretions, especially of urine or feces | back 18 Incontinence |
front 19 part of the kidney consisting of renal lobules in the outer zone beneath the capsule and the lobules of the renal columns that are extensions inward between the pyramids; | back 19 Renal cortex- (contains the renal corpuscles, medullary rays, and proximal and distal convoluted tubules) |
front 20 One of a number of pyramidal masses seen on longitudinal section of the kidney; they contain part of the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules | back 20 Renal Pyramid |
front 21 Mass of capillary loops at the beginning of each nephron, nearly surrounded by Bowman’s capsule | back 21 Glomerulus |
front 22 artery conveying blood to a part | back 22 Afferent vessel |
front 23 efferent glomerular arteriole of kidney | back 23 Efferent vessel |
front 24 a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning Distal Convoluted Tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa of the distal convoluted tubule, smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole and juxtaglomerular cells. | back 24 JG apparatus |
front 25 cells of the distal convoluted tubule located at the renal corpuscle and forming part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus | back 25 Macula densa |
front 26 the nephron that extends from the glomerulus to the descending limb of the loop of Henle | back 26 PCT-(Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
front 27 convoluted tubule of the nephron that extends from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and ends in the collecting duct | back 27 DCT-(Distal Convoluted Tubule) |
front 28 U-shaped part of tge nephron extending from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule and consisting of descending and ascending limbs. Some of the loops of Henle extend into the renal pyramids | back 28 Loop of Henle |
front 29 A double-walled, cup-shaped structure around the glomerulus of each nephron of the vertebrate kidney. It serves as a filter to remove organic wastes, excess inorganic salts, and water. | back 29 Bowman’s capsule |
front 30 Movement, due to a pressure difference, of a liquid through a filter that prevents some or all of the substance in the liquid from passing through | back 30 Filtration |
front 31 The act of resorbing | back 31 Resorption |
front 32 Substance produced inside a cell and released from the cell | back 32 Secretion |
front 33 Specialized capillary that extends from the cortex of the kidney into the medulla and then back to the cortex | back 33 Vas Recta |
front 34 capillary network located in the cortex of the kidney; associated with the distal and proximal convoluted tubules | back 34 Peritubular capillary bed |
front 35 The Bowman's capsule extends into a tubule that is proximal to the glamerulus, called the ______ | back 35 PCT or proximal convoluted tubule |
front 36 Hair pin loop of nephron tubule that descends/ascends, assisting electrolyte balance by forming a concentration gradient, is _______ | back 36 Loop of Henley |
front 37 portion of the loop of the nephron distal to the glomerulus is the _____ | back 37 DCT or distal convoluted tubule |
front 38 Urination, voiding, emptying of urinary bladder is formally called _______ | back 38 micturition |
front 39 small, red, retroperitoneal bean shaped organs that are responsible for urine formation, are called the | back 39 kidneys |
front 40 substances that increase urine production are collectively called _____ | back 40 diuretics |
front 41 process of filtering, as in the glomerulus filtering filtering the blood into Bowman's capsule, is formally called _______ | back 41 filtration |
front 42 The outside of any organ is called the _______ | back 42 cortex |
front 43 pyramid shaped collection of tubules within the medulla of the kidneys | back 43 renal pyramids |
front 44 opening "basin" or collective expansions of the major calyces in the kidney | back 44 renal pelvis |
front 45 excretory product from the urinary system, or filtrate that has passed into the collecting ducts to the papillary ducts | back 45 urine |
front 46 connective tissue "capsule" that wraps tightly around the perimeter of the kidney like the skin of an apple | back 46 renal capsule |
front 47 measurement of concentration within a nephron, measured in milliosmols | back 47 concentration |
front 48 indentation of the kidney | back 48 renal hilus or renal hilum |
front 49 collective openings of two or more minor calyces | back 49 mahor calyces |
front 50 middle of any organ is called the | back 50 medulla |
front 51 middle of the kidney is called the | back 51 renal medulla |
front 52 capsule that surrounds, supports and protects the kidney made of adipose tissue, is called the | back 52 renal capsule |
front 53 fascia that surrounds the adipose capsule and holds the kidneys to the posterior body wasll is called the | back 53 renal fascia |
front 54 the ducts that collect urine in the nephron are aptly called | back 54 collecting ducts |
front 55 "foot cells" that surround the glomerular endothelium and form the external portion of the filtration membrane are called | back 55 podocytes |
front 56 the substance that is filtered from glomerular blood plasma and seeps into the Bowman's capsule is now called | back 56 filtrate |
front 57 the combination of the capillary hydrostatic pressure, the capsular hydrostatic pressure and the blood colloid osmotic pressure, together are referred to as the | back 57 NFP or net filtration pressure |
front 58 the volume of filtrate formed each minute (125 mL/min)us called the | back 58 GFR or glomerular filtration pressure |
front 59 The cells "next to the glomerulus" that secrete renin are called _______- | back 59 JG cells |
front 60 The large ducts that drain (collect) filtrate from the distal convoluted tubules are called _____ | back 60 collecting ducts |
front 61 Transepithelial reclamation of solutes is called | back 61 tubular reabsorption |
front 62 Reabsorption within the kidney tubules is called | back 62 reabsorption |
front 63 Passive, nonselective process in which hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes through the filtration membrane is called | back 63 passive |
front 64 filtrationDiffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution towards a more concentrated one is called | back 64 osmosis
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front 65 inflammation of the entire kidney is called | back 65 enteritis |
front 66 _______ & ________ are antidiuretic hormones (decrease water flow) | back 66 ACH & ADH |
front 67 _____ ___ excretes water that is pulled back into the sodium particles in the body | back 67 collecting ducts |
front 68 tests for osmotic pressures/chemicals of substances | back 68 MD |
front 69 ascending limb actively pumpts out ____ & ___ ions | back 69 Sodium and Chloride |
front 70 If there is not enough blood pressure coming in the JG cells release __________(enzyme.hormone | back 70 redin |
front 71 angitension stimulates the release of ___ | back 71 aldosterone |
front 72 Function of aldosterone is to ______ | back 72 increase reabsorption of sodium in the collecting ducts |
front 73 Aldosterone makes watery dilute back into concentrate, which increases the blood pressure in glomarulus and then system sends message to stop releasing _________ | back 73 redin |
front 74 Vasorecta are really slow pressure to ____ | back 74 equal the pressure of concentrations |
front 75 Aldosterone and ADH determine the _________ of urine. | back 75 concentration |
front 76 Purpose of CCK (coloncystokinn) | back 76 concentration of the call bladder-emulsification of lipids;
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front 77 The glomerular capillary pressure has to be higher 'cuz pressure in capsule needs to be higher to push fluid out of filtration or the ___and _ will both flow backwards and cause toxicity | back 77 capsular hydrostatic pressure (10mm Hg) &
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front 78 Filtration is passive in the | back 78 glomerulus |
front 79 Tell about Inulin | back 79 carbohydrate (Polysaccharide);
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