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Chapter 21: Blood Vessels and Circulation

front 1

The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange with the surrounding cells are __________

arterioles

arteries

tunica intima

capillaries

back 1

capillaries

front 2

Which of these helps move blood around the systemic system?

arterial pressure greater than venous pressure

venous pressure greater than arterial pressure

smooth muscle in the tunica media

right ventricle

back 2

arterial pressure greater than venous pressure

front 3

Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure __________.

raises arterial pressure

forces more fluid between endothelial cells

raises heart rate

lowers heart rate

back 3

forces more fluid between endothelial cells

front 4

Which brain region contains the cardiovascular centers?

medulla oblongata

hypothalamus

thalamus

pons

back 4

medulla oblongata

front 5

Hemorrhage triggers all of these responses except __________.

an increase in erythropoiesis

an increase in urine production

an increase in heart rate

release of the venous reserve

back 5

an increase in urine production

front 6

The pulmonary trunk carries ___________ blood __________ the lung.

deoxygenated; to

oxygenated; to

oxygenated; from

deoxygenated; from

back 6

deoxygenated; to

front 7

Which of these arteries does not originate on the aortic arch?

left carotid

left subclavian

coronary

brachiocephalic

back 7

coronary

front 8

Which of these arteries does not originate on the abdominal aorta?iliac

femoral

splenic

renal

back 8

femoral

front 9

The remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus is the __________.

umbilical strand

ligamentum arteriosum

foramen ovale

fossa ovalis

back 9

ligamentum arteriosum

front 10

All of these changes in the cardiovascular system are commonly seen in aging except __________.

decrease in arterial wall stiffness

decrease in cardiac output

decrease in valve efficiency

decrease in hematocrit

back 10

decrease in arterial wall stiffness

front 11

Compared to arteries, veins

have a pleated endothelium.

have thinner walls.

hold their shape better when cut.

have more smooth muscle in their tunica media.

are more elastic.

back 11

have thinner walls.

front 12

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit.

1. venules
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. elastic arteries
5. medium veins
6. large veins
7. muscular arteries

6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4

7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6

5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

back 12

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

front 13

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

fenestrated capillaries.

sinusoidal capillaries.

vasa vasorum.

continuous capillaries.

sinusoids.

back 13

continuous capillaries.

front 14

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins.

venules.

arteries.

arterioles.

capillaries.

back 14

veins.

front 15

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

internal elastic membrane

tunica media

external elastic membrane

tunica externa

tunica intima

back 15

tunica intima

front 16

Venous valves are responsible for

preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle.

channeling blood away from the heart.

regulating blood pressure in veins.

preventing anterograde flow.

channeling blood toward the heart.

back 16

channeling blood toward the heart.

front 17

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the

tunica media.

tunica adventitia.

tunica externa.

tunica intima.

tunica mater.

back 17

tunica media.

front 18

A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the

liver.

heart.

lungs.

kidneys.

skin.

back 18

liver.

front 19

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?

lack of exercise

obesity

high cholesterol

smoking

All of the answers are correct.

back 19

All of the answers are correct.

front 20

What structure do RBCs move through single file?

capillary

venule

vein

arteriole

artery

back 20

capillary

front 21

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

arteries.

veins.

venules.

capillaries.

arterioles.

back 21

capillaries.

front 22

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

arteriole

vein

artery

venule

capillary

back 22

arteriole

front 23

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

plexus.

vasa vasorum.

thoroughfare channel.

precapillary sphincter.

venule.

back 23

precapillary sphincter.

front 24

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?arteriolar

connective

elastic

muscular

vascular

back 24

muscular

front 25

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except

valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.

the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.

the respiratory pump.

muscular compression.

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

back 25

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

front 26

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

veins

systemic arterioles

arteries

capillaries

pulmonary arteries

back 26

veins

front 27

A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery.

back 27

aneurysm

front 28

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the

blood viscosity.

osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

turbulence.

length of a blood vessel.

blood vessel diameter.

back 28

osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

front 29

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

flow becomes turbulent.

diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

pressure builds.

viscosity increases.

pressure drops.

back 29

pressure drops.

front 30

Blood pressure is determined by

estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.

listening carefully to the pulse.

measuring the size of the pulse.

estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel.

back 30

estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

front 31

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

artery

venule

arteriole

vein

capillary

back 31

artery

front 32

Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased

blood volume.

force of cardiac contraction.

cardiac output.

peripheral resistance.

parasympathetic innervation.

back 32

parasympathetic innervation.

front 33

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

increased plasma albumen

increased blood hydrostatic pressure

increased tissue hydrostatic pressure

decreased plasma albumen

back 33

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

front 34

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins.

capillaries.

arterioles.

arteries.

venules.

back 34

veins.

front 35

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

four times greater.

doubled.

halved.

1/4 as much.

unchanged.

back 35

doubled.

front 36

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except

elevated levels of epinephrine.

irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques.

elevated hematocrit.

increased sympathetic stimulation.

vasodilation.

back 36

vasodilation.

front 37

Edema may occur when

endothelial permeability goes up.

the plasma concentration of protein is reduced.

blood pressure is high.

capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.

All of the answers are correct.

back 37

All of the answers are correct.

front 38

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,

reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.

the carotid baroreceptors become less active.

venous return is decreased.

heart rate is reflexively elevated.

All of the answers are correct.

back 38

All of the answers are correct.

front 39

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

blood

circulatory

critical closing

mean arterial

pulse

back 39

pulse

front 40

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has

a greater resistance to blood flow.

the same amount of pressure as resistance.

a higher blood pressure.

less resistance to blood flow.

a greater blood flow.

back 40

a greater resistance to blood flow.

front 41

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

circulatory

pulse

blood

critical closing

mean arterial

back 41

pulse

front 42

Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation?

blood flow changes to match tissue responses

blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen

changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure

blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients

All of the answers are correct.

back 42

All of the answers are correct.

front 43

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

cardiac output.

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

sympathetic stimulation of the heart.

blood flow to the lungs.

heart rate.

back 43

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

front 44

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits

increased blood pressure.

decreased blood volume.

polycythemia.

increased body stores of sodium ion.

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

back 44

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

front 45

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

increased sympathetic activity

hypertension

vasospasm of the renal arteries

renal artery thrombus

circulatory shock

back 45

hypertension