front 1 The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange with the surrounding cells are __________ arterioles arteries tunica intima capillaries | back 1 capillaries |
front 2 Which of these helps move blood around the systemic system? arterial pressure greater than venous pressure venous pressure greater than arterial pressure smooth muscle in the tunica media right ventricle | back 2 arterial pressure greater than venous pressure |
front 3 Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure __________. raises arterial pressure forces more fluid between endothelial cells raises heart rate lowers heart rate | back 3 forces more fluid between endothelial cells |
front 4 Which brain region contains the cardiovascular centers? medulla oblongata hypothalamus thalamus pons | back 4 medulla oblongata |
front 5 Hemorrhage triggers all of these responses except __________. an increase in erythropoiesis an increase in urine production an increase in heart rate release of the venous reserve | back 5 an increase in urine production |
front 6 The pulmonary trunk carries ___________ blood __________ the lung. deoxygenated; to oxygenated; to oxygenated; from deoxygenated; from | back 6 deoxygenated; to |
front 7 Which of these arteries does not originate on the aortic arch? left carotid left subclavian coronary brachiocephalic | back 7 coronary |
front 8 Which of these arteries does not originate on the abdominal aorta?iliac femoral splenic renal | back 8 femoral |
front 9 The remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus is the __________. umbilical strand ligamentum arteriosum foramen ovale fossa ovalis | back 9 ligamentum arteriosum |
front 10 All of these changes in the cardiovascular system are commonly seen in aging except __________. decrease in arterial wall stiffness decrease in cardiac output decrease in valve efficiency decrease in hematocrit | back 10 decrease in arterial wall stiffness |
front 11 Compared to arteries, veins have a pleated endothelium. have thinner walls. hold their shape better when cut. have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. are more elastic. | back 11 have thinner walls. |
front 12 Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood
will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of
the cardiovascular flow circuit. 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 | back 12 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 |
front 13 Capillaries that have a complete lining are called fenestrated capillaries. sinusoidal capillaries. vasa vasorum. continuous capillaries. sinusoids. | back 13 continuous capillaries. |
front 14 The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called veins. venules. arteries. arterioles. capillaries. | back 14 veins. |
front 15 Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? internal elastic membrane tunica media external elastic membrane tunica externa tunica intima | back 15 tunica intima |
front 16 Venous valves are responsible for preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. channeling blood away from the heart. regulating blood pressure in veins. preventing anterograde flow. channeling blood toward the heart. | back 16 channeling blood toward the heart. |
front 17 The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the tunica media. tunica adventitia. tunica externa. tunica intima. tunica mater. | back 17 tunica media. |
front 18 A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the liver. heart. lungs. kidneys. skin. | back 18 liver. |
front 19 Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? lack of exercise obesity high cholesterol smoking All of the answers are correct. | back 19 All of the answers are correct. |
front 20 What structure do RBCs move through single file? capillary venule vein arteriole artery | back 20 capillary |
front 21 Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in arteries. veins. venules. capillaries. arterioles. | back 21 capillaries. |
front 22 Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? arteriole vein artery venule capillary | back 22 arteriole |
front 23 Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the plexus. vasa vasorum. thoroughfare channel. precapillary sphincter. venule. | back 23 precapillary sphincter. |
front 24 The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?arteriolar connective elastic muscular vascular | back 24 muscular |
front 25 Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. the respiratory pump. muscular compression. pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. | back 25 pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. |
front 26 Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? veins systemic arterioles arteries capillaries pulmonary arteries | back 26 veins |
front 27 A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery. | back 27 aneurysm |
front 28 Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the blood viscosity. osmolarity of interstitial fluids. turbulence. length of a blood vessel. blood vessel diameter. | back 28 osmolarity of interstitial fluids. |
front 29 As blood travels from arteries to veins, flow becomes turbulent. diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller. pressure builds. viscosity increases. pressure drops. | back 29 pressure drops. |
front 30 Blood pressure is determined by estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle. listening carefully to the pulse. measuring the size of the pulse. estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. | back 30 estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. |
front 31 In what vessel is blood pressure the highest? artery venule arteriole vein capillary | back 31 artery |
front 32 Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased blood volume. force of cardiac contraction. cardiac output. peripheral resistance. parasympathetic innervation. | back 32 parasympathetic innervation. |
front 33 Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure increased plasma albumen increased blood hydrostatic pressure increased tissue hydrostatic pressure decreased plasma albumen | back 33 both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure |
front 34 Blood pressure is lowest in the veins. capillaries. arterioles. arteries. venules. | back 34 veins. |
front 35 If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be four times greater. doubled. halved. 1/4 as much. unchanged. | back 35 doubled. |
front 36 Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except elevated levels of epinephrine. irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. elevated hematocrit. increased sympathetic stimulation. vasodilation. | back 36 vasodilation. |
front 37 Edema may occur when endothelial permeability goes up. the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. blood pressure is high. capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. All of the answers are correct. | back 37 All of the answers are correct. |
front 38 When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs. the carotid baroreceptors become less active. venous return is decreased. heart rate is reflexively elevated. All of the answers are correct. | back 38 All of the answers are correct. |
front 39 The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. blood circulatory critical closing mean arterial pulse | back 39 pulse |
front 40 In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has a greater resistance to blood flow. the same amount of pressure as resistance. a higher blood pressure. less resistance to blood flow. a greater blood flow. | back 40 a greater resistance to blood flow. |
front 41 The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. circulatory pulse blood critical closing mean arterial | back 41 pulse |
front 42 Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation? blood flow changes to match tissue responses blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients All of the answers are correct. | back 42 All of the answers are correct. |
front 43 Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased cardiac output. parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. sympathetic stimulation of the heart. blood flow to the lungs. heart rate. | back 43 parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. |
front 44 Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits increased blood pressure. decreased blood volume. polycythemia. increased body stores of sodium ion. both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion. | back 44 both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion. |
front 45 Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release? increased sympathetic activity hypertension vasospasm of the renal arteries renal artery thrombus circulatory shock | back 45 hypertension |