The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange with the surrounding cells are __________
arterioles
arteries
tunica intima
capillaries
capillaries
Which of these helps move blood around the systemic system?
arterial pressure greater than venous pressure
venous pressure greater than arterial pressure
smooth muscle in the tunica media
right ventricle
arterial pressure greater than venous pressure
Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure __________.
raises arterial pressure
forces more fluid between endothelial cells
raises heart rate
lowers heart rate
forces more fluid between endothelial cells
Which brain region contains the cardiovascular centers?
medulla oblongata
hypothalamus
thalamus
pons
medulla oblongata
Hemorrhage triggers all of these responses except __________.
an increase in erythropoiesis
an increase in urine production
an increase in heart rate
release of the venous reserve
an increase in urine production
The pulmonary trunk carries ___________ blood __________ the lung.
deoxygenated; to
oxygenated; to
oxygenated; from
deoxygenated; from
deoxygenated; to
Which of these arteries does not originate on the aortic arch?
left carotid
left subclavian
coronary
brachiocephalic
coronary
Which of these arteries does not originate on the abdominal aorta?iliac
femoral
splenic
renal
femoral
The remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus is the __________.
umbilical strand
ligamentum arteriosum
foramen ovale
fossa ovalis
ligamentum arteriosum
All of these changes in the cardiovascular system are commonly seen in aging except __________.
decrease in arterial wall stiffness
decrease in cardiac output
decrease in valve efficiency
decrease in hematocrit
decrease in arterial wall stiffness
Compared to arteries, veins
have a pleated endothelium.
have thinner walls.
hold their shape better when cut.
have more smooth muscle in their tunica media.
are more elastic.
have thinner walls.
Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood
will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of
the cardiovascular flow circuit.
1. venules
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4.
elastic arteries
5. medium veins
6. large veins
7.
muscular arteries
6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6
5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
fenestrated capillaries.
sinusoidal capillaries.
vasa vasorum.
continuous capillaries.
sinusoids.
continuous capillaries.
The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
veins.
venules.
arteries.
arterioles.
capillaries.
veins.
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?
internal elastic membrane
tunica media
external elastic membrane
tunica externa
tunica intima
tunica intima
Venous valves are responsible for
preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle.
channeling blood away from the heart.
regulating blood pressure in veins.
preventing anterograde flow.
channeling blood toward the heart.
channeling blood toward the heart.
The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the
tunica media.
tunica adventitia.
tunica externa.
tunica intima.
tunica mater.
tunica media.
A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the
liver.
heart.
lungs.
kidneys.
skin.
liver.
Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?
lack of exercise
obesity
high cholesterol
smoking
All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
What structure do RBCs move through single file?
capillary
venule
vein
arteriole
artery
capillary
Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
arteries.
veins.
venules.
capillaries.
arterioles.
capillaries.
Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?
arteriole
vein
artery
venule
capillary
arteriole
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
plexus.
vasa vasorum.
thoroughfare channel.
precapillary sphincter.
venule.
precapillary sphincter.
The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?arteriolar
connective
elastic
muscular
vascular
muscular
Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except
valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.
the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
the respiratory pump.
muscular compression.
pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?
veins
systemic arterioles
arteries
capillaries
pulmonary arteries
veins
A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery.
aneurysm
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the
blood viscosity.
osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
turbulence.
length of a blood vessel.
blood vessel diameter.
osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
flow becomes turbulent.
diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.
pressure builds.
viscosity increases.
pressure drops.
pressure drops.
Blood pressure is determined by
estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.
listening carefully to the pulse.
measuring the size of the pulse.
estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel.
estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?
artery
venule
arteriole
vein
capillary
artery
Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased
blood volume.
force of cardiac contraction.
cardiac output.
peripheral resistance.
parasympathetic innervation.
parasympathetic innervation.
Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?
both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
increased plasma albumen
increased blood hydrostatic pressure
increased tissue hydrostatic pressure
decreased plasma albumen
both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
Blood pressure is lowest in the
veins.
capillaries.
arterioles.
arteries.
venules.
veins.
If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
four times greater.
doubled.
halved.
1/4 as much.
unchanged.
doubled.
Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except
elevated levels of epinephrine.
irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques.
elevated hematocrit.
increased sympathetic stimulation.
vasodilation.
vasodilation.
Edema may occur when
endothelial permeability goes up.
the plasma concentration of protein is reduced.
blood pressure is high.
capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.
All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,
reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.
the carotid baroreceptors become less active.
venous return is decreased.
heart rate is reflexively elevated.
All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.
blood
circulatory
critical closing
mean arterial
pulse
pulse
In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has
a greater resistance to blood flow.
the same amount of pressure as resistance.
a higher blood pressure.
less resistance to blood flow.
a greater blood flow.
a greater resistance to blood flow.
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.
circulatory
pulse
blood
critical closing
mean arterial
pulse
Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation?
blood flow changes to match tissue responses
blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen
changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure
blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients
All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
cardiac output.
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
blood flow to the lungs.
heart rate.
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits
increased blood pressure.
decreased blood volume.
polycythemia.
increased body stores of sodium ion.
both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.
both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.
Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?
increased sympathetic activity
hypertension
vasospasm of the renal arteries
renal artery thrombus
circulatory shock
hypertension