front 1 Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors? insulin cortisol epinephrine | back 1 cortisol |
front 2 What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones? phosphorylation of intracellular proteins activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell increasing protein kinases | back 2 activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell |
front 3 After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do? acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene activates a protein kinase directly alters protein synthesis at the ribosome phosphorylates a protein | back 3 acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene |
front 4 Which hormone’s receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty? cortisol insulin thyroid hormone | back 4 thyroid hormone |
front 5 What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor? Receptors can’t enter the nucleus until the hormone is bound to it. transcription factors chaperone proteins (chaperonins) | back 5 chaperone proteins (chaperonins) |
front 6 What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane? lipid-soluble hormones, such as thyroid hormones and cortisol water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine | back 6 water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine |
front 7 Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone? protein kinase C phospholipase C phosphodiesterase adenylate cyclase | back 7 phosphodiesterase |
front 8 Growth factor hormones, such as insulin, bind to which type of receptor? G proteins tyrosine kinase receptors intracellular receptors | back 8 tyrosine kinase receptors |
front 9 Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating Gs proteins? activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of phospholipase C, activation of DAG and IP3 activation of a G protein, tyrosine kinase receptor, phosphorylation of intracellular proteins | back 9 activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP |
front 10 Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum? IP3 cAMP tyrosine kinase DAG | back 10 IP3 |
front 11 Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels? β receptors α2 receptors α1 receptors | back 11 β receptors |
front 12 What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland? growth hormone (GH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | back 12 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
front 13 What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons? control secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) control secretion of oxytocin control secretion of thyroid hormones control secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | back 13 control secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) |
front 14 Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are intermediary hormones stimulated by which of the following hormones? GH (growth hormone) thyroid hormones oxytocin prolactin (PRL) | back 14 GH (growth hormone) |
front 15 Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine (“letdown”) reflex? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) cortisol oxytocin | back 15 oxytocin |
front 16 Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized? hypothalamus kidney posterior pituitary anterior pituitary | back 16 hypothalamus |
front 17 What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone? thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) a circadian rhythm of release negative feedback thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | back 17 negative feedback |
front 18 Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress? cortisol ADH (vasopressin) aldosterone epinephrine | back 18 epinephrine |
front 19 In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen? decreased or difficulty breathing decreased insulin secretion decreased cardiac output decreased sweating | back 19 decreased insulin secretion |
front 20 Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? cool, dry skin heart palpitations low blood glucose slow heart rate | back 20 heart palpitations |
front 21 Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a “moon face.” Cushing’s disease pheochromocytoma Addison’s disease | back 21 Cushing’s disease |
front 22 What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor? angiotensin II cortisol ADH (vasopressin) aldosterone | back 22 ADH (vasopressin) |
front 23 Complete the sentences..
| back 23 no data |
front 24 When blood glucose levels are high... The pancreas releases insulin. The pancreas releases glucagon. The liver releases glucagon. The liver releases insulin. | back 24 The pancreas releases insulin. |
front 25 A liver cell responds to insulin by... Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. Releasing glucagon. Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. Releasing insulin. | back 25 Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen |
front 26 What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? Intestinal cells. Liver cells. Liver cells and cells in the pancreas. Muscle cells. | back 26 Liver cells. |
front 27 Body cells that respond to insulin include... Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body. Liver cells and muscle cells only. Muscle cells only. Liver cells only. | back 27 Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body. |
front 28 When blood glucose levels are low... The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. | back 28 The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. |
front 29 The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called? positive feedback. negative feedback. homeostasis. None of the above. | back 29 homeostasis. |
front 30 The hypothalamus is known to control the activity of the anterior pituitary, which has traditionally been called the "master endocrine gland." | back 30 True |
front 31 Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? the stimulation of a genetic event resulting in protein synthesis a change in membrane potential an increase in enzymatic activity direct control of the nervous system | back 31 direct control of the nervous system |
front 32 Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation. In order for cells to respond, it is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate. This is possible because ________. the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm as a unit peptide hormones are converted by cell membranes enzymes into second messengers hormones alter cellular operations through direct stimulation of a gene G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers | back 32 G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers |
front 33 Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone? epinephrine cortisone estrogen aldosterone | back 33 epinephrine |
front 34 What is the target organ of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)? A. Hypothalamus B. Anterior pituitary C. Thyroid gland D. Target cells | back 34 B. Anterior pituitary |
front 35 Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________. hepatic portal system feedback loop general circulatory system hypophyseal portal system | back 35 hypophyseal portal system |
front 36 A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem. The man must be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH. A hormone made in the adenohypophysis cannot influence fertility. FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is not synthesized by males. FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes. | back 36 FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes. |
front 37 What cells release parathyroid hormone? oxyphil cells follicular cells parathyroid cells parafollicular cells | back 37 parathyroid cells |
front 38 What does dark red blood indicate? oxygen-rich blood saltiness of blood oxygen-poor blood pH of blood | back 38 oxygen-poor blood |
front 39 Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds carbon dioxide for transport? heme group amino acids of globin spectrin iron | back 39 amino acids of globin |
front 40 What is a young, anucleate erythrocyte called? polychromatic erythroblas themopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) proerythroblast reticulocyte | back 40 reticulocyte |
front 41 What part of the hemoglobin molecule is recycled to form bile? ferritin iron globin a portion of the heme group | back 41 a portion of the heme group |
front 42 What erythrocyte production disorder results from an autoimmune disease associated with vitamin B12 absorption? aplastic anemia hemorrhagic anemia pernicious anemia renal anemia | back 42 pernicious anemia |
front 43 What role do the kidneys play in erythropoiesis? The kidneys make new red blood cells. The kidneys detect low levels of oxygen in the blood. The kidneys store iron for the production of red blood cells. The kidneys absorb iron from food. | back 43 The kidneys detect low levels of oxygen in the blood. |
front 44 Which cell of the myeloid stem cell pathway has accumulated granules? myelocytes promyelocytes monocytes myeloblasts | back 44 myelocytes |
front 45 From which cell do the granulocytes descend? monoblast lymphoid stem cell myeloblast promonocyte | back 45 myeloblast |
front 46 Which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? monocytes platelets lymphocytes erythrocytes | back 46 platelets |
front 47 Which of the following statements does not describe blood? Blood pH is normally between 7.35 and 7.45. Blood is denser and more viscous than water. Blood varies from bright red to a dark red color. Blood carries body cells to injured areas for repair. | back 47 Blood carries body cells to injured areas for repair |
front 48 The plasma protein that is the major contributor to osmotic pressure is ________. fibrinogen alpha globulin gamma globulin albumin | back 48 albumin |
front 49 Which of the following is NOT a formed element of the blood? platelets antibodies leukocytes erythrocytes | back 49 antibodies |
front 50 Choose the statement that is true concerning hemoglobin. It is found in the plasma portion of blood. It can bind a maximum of three oxygen molecules. When hemoglobin is not bound to oxygen, it appears blue. It is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups. | back 50 It is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups. |
front 51 An abnormal excess of erythrocytes is called __________. thalassemia leukocytosis polycythemia sickle-cell anemia | back 51 polycythemia |
front 52 Platelet formation is regulated by __________. erythropoietin plasmin thrombopoietin interleukin-2 | back 52 thrombopoietin |
front 53 Erythrocytes lack a nucleus. | back 53 True |
front 54 All leukocytes are also lymphocytes. | back 54 False |
front 55 No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________. eosinophils monocytes neutrophils basophils | back 55 monocytes |
front 56 The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps? one pump two pumps three pumps | back 56 two pumps |
front 57 Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae? right ventricle left atrium right atrium left ventricle | back 57 right atrium |
front 58 Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? left atrium right atrium right ventricle left ventricle | back 58 left atrium |
front 59 Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk? right ventricle left ventricle right atrium left atrium | back 59 right ventricle |
front 60 Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit? left ventricle left atrium right atrium right ventricle | back 60 left ventricle |
front 61 What separates the parietal and visceral pericardium? myocardium epicardium pericardial cavity fibrous pericardium | back 61 pericardial cavity |