front 1 Match the following a. peristalsis b. absorption c. digestion d. hydrolysis e. Mucosa Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube. | back 1 a. peristalsis |
front 2 a. peristalsis b. absorption c. digestion d. hydrolysis e. Mucosa Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs to substances that can be absorbed. | back 2 c. digestion |
front 3 a. peristalsis b. absorption c. digestion d. hydrolysis e. Mucosa Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule. | back 3 d. hydrolysis |
front 4 a. peristalsis b. absorption c. digestion d. hydrolysis e. Mucosa process by which the products of digestion pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract through blood or lymph. | back 4 b. absorption |
front 5 a. peristalsis b. absorption c. digestion d. hydrolysis e. Mucosa Inner layer of the gastrointestinal tract | back 5 b. absorption |
front 6 True or False a=true, b= false The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chime to spiral, rather than move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine | back 6 a. True |
front 7 As food passes through the digestive tract, it becomes less complex and the nutrient are more readily available to the body. | back 7 a. True |
front 8 Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body are rarely found in the stomach. The reason for this is the presence of HCl, | back 8 a. True |
front 9 Kupffer cells are found in the liver and are responsilble for removing bacteria and worn-out cells. | back 9 a. True |
front 10 The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons. | back 10 b. False |
front 11 Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells. | back 11 b. False |
front 12 The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins. | back 12 a. True |
front 13 The major role of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile salts to be recycled back to the liver. | back 13 a. True |
front 14 The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body. | back 14 a. true |
front 15 Peyer's patches are found in the submucosa of the distalb end of the small intestine | back 15 a. True |
front 16 The myenteric nerve plexus provides the major nerve supply to the GI tract and controls GI motility | back 16 a. True |
front 17 The first teeth to appear are the deciduous teeth. | back 17 a.True |
front 18 Dentin anchor the tooth in place. | back 18 b. False |
front 19 The soft plate rise reflexively to open the nasopharynx when we swallow food. | back 19 b. False |
front 20 Mumps is an inflammation of the parotid glands a virus. | back 20 a. True |
front 21 Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport. | back 21 a. True |
front 22 Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach. | back 22 a. True |
front 23 Another term for swallowing is deglutition. | back 23 a. True |
front 24 The pancreas is primarily an exocrine organ dominated by pancreatic acini as the main tissue type. | back 24 a. True |
front 25 The major stimulus for the production of intestinal fluids is distention or irritation of the intestinal musoca by hypertonic or acidic chime. | back 25 a. True |
front 26 Multiple Choice: Select the best answer to each question. The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located________.. a. in the grandular tissue that lines the ortan lumen. b. in the walls of the tract organs c. in the pons and meddulla d. only in the esophagus because this is the only part of the tract that needs to change to accomodate food passage | back 26 b. in the walls of the tract organs |
front 27 The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to__________. a. carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract. b. collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage c. distribute hormones d. return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low | back 27 b. collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage |
front 28 When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabooic reactions whereby enzymes split the molecules. This series of reactions is called__________. a. absorption b. secretion c. chemical digestion d. mechanical digestion | back 28 c. chemical digestion |
front 29 The sheets of the peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called_________. a. mesemteries b. lamina propria c. serosal lning d. mucosal lining | back 29 a. mesemteries |
front 30 From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layer. Arrange them in order from the lumen outward. a. muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa b. serosa, mucos, submucosa, and muscularis externa c.submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa d. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa | back 30 d. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa |
front 31 Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier? a. thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus b. tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells c. replacing of damged epithelial mucosa cells d. rennin | back 31 d. rennin |
front 32 The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutriens lie in the_________. a. muscularis mucosae b. serosa c. adventitia d. lamina propria | back 32 d. lamina propria |
front 33 Which hormone cause an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stmulates gallbladdern contraction to release bile? a. gastrin b. secretin c. cholecystokinin d. gastric inhibitor peptide | back 33 c. cholecystokinin |
front 34 Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile. a. bile is both an excretory product and a digestiven secretion b. bile functions to emulsify fats c. bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from the breakdown of worn-out RBC's d. bile contains enzymes for digestion | back 34 d. bile contains enzymes for digestion |
front 35 The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task. a. plicae circulares, and intestinal villie b. the vast array of digestive enzymes. c. Brunner's glands d. the rugae | back 35 a. plicae circulares, and intestinal villie |
front 36 Which of the following is not true of saliva? a. cleanses the mouth b. contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins c. moistens food and aids the compacting of the bolus d. dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted. | back 36 b. contains enzymes that begin the breakdwon of proteins |
front 37 Chyme is created in the__________. a. mouth b. stomach c. esophagus d. small intestine | back 37 b. stomach |
front 38 Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach a. chief cells b.parietal cells c. serous cells d.mucous neck cells | back 38 b.parietal cells |
front 39 There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs________. a. before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought b. immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients c. At the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the cc GI tract for a long period of time d. When the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required | back 39 a. before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought |
front 40 Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of______. a. starches and complex carbohydrates b. protein and peptide fragments c. simple carbohydrates and alcohols d. fatty acids | back 40 b. protein and peptide fragments |
front 41 Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the_________. a. chief cells of the stomach b. partietal cells of the duodenum c. Brunner's glands d. Goblet cells of the small intestine | back 41 a. chief cells of the stomach |
front 42 The enzymatic breakdown of any food molecule is called__________. a. diffusion b. active transport c. hydrolysis d. denatured | back 42 c. hydrolysis |
front 43 Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? a. rennin b. persin c. lipase d. cholecystokinin | back 43 c. lipase |
front 44 Hepatocytes do not _______. a. produce digestive enzymes b. process nutrients c. store fat-soluble vitamins d. detoxify | back 44 a. produce digestive enzymes |
front 45 The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the _______. a. duodenum b. ileum c. jejunum d. pyloric sphincter | back 45 b. ileum |
front 46 The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for? a. incisor tooth b. molar tooth c. premolar tooth d. canine tooth | back 46 d. canine tooth |
front 47 Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? a. lipids b. carbohydrates c. proteins d. starches | back 47 a. lipids |
front 48 Which of the following is an essential role played by the large intestine bacteria? a. produce gas b. absorb bilirubin c. synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins d. synthesize vitamins C and D | back 48 c. synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins |
front 49 What stomach secretion in necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBC's a. HCl b. Pepsinogen c. Intrinsic factor d. Gastric lipase | back 49 c. Intrinsic factor |
front 50 In order to receive a customized diet from ChooseMyPlate.gov., you must provide your: a. age b. gender c. the amount you exercise d. all of the above | back 50 d. all of the above |
front 51 ChooseMyPlate.gov is a website managed by a. the USDA b. the Food and Drug Administration c. The FFA d. The U.S. Department of Health and Welfare | back 51 a. the USDA |
front 52 Which of the following are not considered human nutrient? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. vitamins d. minerals e. all are considered nutrients | back 52 e. all are considered nutrients |
front 53 Which of the following is not a pathway for carbohydrate metabolism a. Glycolysis b. Krebs Cycle c. Electron Transport Chain d. Deamination | back 53 d. Deamination |
front 54 In the human body, glucose is stored primarily as _______. a. fat b. glycogen c. ketones d. glucose cannot be stored | back 54 b. glycogen |
front 55 Diabetes mellitus is a consequence if inadequate ______ production. a. amino acids b. fatty acids c. insulin d. triglycerides | back 55 c. insulin |
front 56 From which nutrient does the body receive the most concentrated source of energy? a. lipids b. carbohydrates c. proteins d. vitamins | back 56 a. lipids |
front 57 Where does the Kreb's Cycle occur? a. blood b. liver c. cytosol of cells d. mitochondrial matrix | back 57 d. mitochondrial matrix |
front 58 A toxic waste product of protein metabolism that must be removed from the body is _______. a. carbon dioxide b. urea c. uric acid d. ammonia | back 58 d. ammonia |
front 59 The carbon dioxide of cellular respiration is formed during_________. a. glycolysis b. Kreb's cycle c. Electron transport d. The formation of pyruvic acid | back 59 b. Kreb's cycle |
front 60 The function of the citric acid cycle is to _________. a. remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to co-enzymes b. transfer the acetyl group c. hydrolyze glucose d. produce carbon dioxide | back 60 a. remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to co-enzymes |
front 61 Cells must synthesize new organic compounds a. to support growth b. to perform structural maintenance or repairs c. to produce secretions d. to store nutrient reserves e. all of the above | back 61 e. all of the above |
front 62 Poisons like cyanide bind to _______ and prevent electron transfer. a. enzymes b. the endoplasmic reticulum c. acetyl-CoA d. cytochromes e. mitochondria | back 62 d. cytochromes |
front 63 Catabolism of all the following is fairly common for energy production except. a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. glucose d. protein | back 63 d. protein |
front 64 Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle _______ yields energy the quickest. a. glycogen b. glucose c. protein d. fat e. all of the above have the same rate | back 64 b. glucose |
front 65 In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is_______ yielding a different amino acid. a. converted to ammonia b. converted to urea c. transferred to another molecule d. absorbed by water e. transferred to acetyl-CoA | back 65 c. transferred to another molecule |
front 66 When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the. a. post-absorptive state b. absorptive state c. starvation state d. deprivation state | back 66 a. post-absorptive state |
front 67 Deficiency in this vitamin can result in a condition called scurvy. a. A b. C c. D d. B12 | back 67 b. C |
front 68 What is the name of the compound that enters the Citric Acid Cycle series of reactions? a. Pyruvic Acid b. Acetyl-CoA c. Citric Acid d. NADH | back 68 b. Acetyl-CoA |
front 69 Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin_____ in the body. a. A b. C c. D d. E | back 69 c. D |
front 70 A balanced diet should a. include adequate substrates for the production of energy b. provide essential amino acids and fatty acids c. contain adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals d. all of the above e. none of the above | back 70 d. all of the above |
front 71 A high uric acid level can lead to the painful condition known as. a. gout b. rheumatoid arthritis c. anorexia nervosa d. lupus | back 71 a. gout |
front 72 The energy of food is commonly given in units called. a. Calories b. Calories or kilocalories c. Oxidation units d. Grams | back 72 b. Calories or kilocalories |
front 73 Glycolysis is the first step in glucose metabolism, and does not require ______. a. Pyruvate b. Acetyl-Coa c. Oxygen d. Carbon dioxide | back 73 c. Oxygen |
front 74 Anaroebic respiration respiration results in the build up of a. lactic aids b. carbon dioxide c. Acetyl-CoA d. Citric acid | back 74 a. lactic aids |
front 75 Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) refers to. a. the rate of respiration of a resting person b. the recovery time for a person who has exercised for 1 hour c. the minimum resting energy expenditure of an awake, alert person d. the amount of energy it will take to exercise for one hour | back 75 c. the minimum resting energy expenditure of an awake, alert person |