front 1 Which of the following best describes an artery? | back 1 Arteries carry blood away from the heart. |
front 2 Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have _____. | back 2 a closed circulatory system |
front 3 In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body? | back 3 frogs |
front 4 The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the _____ | back 4 fishes |
front 5 Circulatory systems compensate for _____. | back 5 the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances |
front 6 In an open circulatory system, blood is _____. | back 6 not always confined to blood vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems |
front 7 Blood returns to the heart via the _____. | back 7 pulmonary veins |
front 8 From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. | back 8 left atrium |
front 9 From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. | back 9 right atrium |
front 10 From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. | back 10 inferior vena cava |
front 11 What is the function of a circulatory system? | back 11 It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body. |
front 12 Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? | back 12 The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body. |
front 13 True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body. | back 13 False |
front 14 What is the function of the left ventricle? | back 14 It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. |
front 15 Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true? | back 15 Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles. |
front 16 Which event occurs first during diastole? | back 16 The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria. |
front 17 Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measured? | back 17 The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria. |
front 18 Which statement about human blood vessels is correct? | back 18 Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart |
front 19 Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals? | back 19 vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary artery |
front 20 You cut your finger, and after putting pressure on the wound for several minutes, you notice that it is still bleeding profusely. What may be the problem? | back 20 Platelets are not functioning properly, or there are too few to be effective |
front 21 Voice sounds are produced by the _____. | back 21 larynx |
front 22 The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air. | back 22 nasal cavity |
front 23 The smallest airway through which inspired air passes before gas exchange occurs in the mammalian lungs is the _____. | back 23 bronchiole |
front 24 Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize _____. | back 24 diffusion |
front 25 During most daily activities, the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of _____. | back 25 carbon dioxide |
front 26 Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the | back 26 left atrium |
front 27 When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe? | back 27 rising CO2 |
front 28 One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is | back 28 the number of circuits for circulation |
front 29 Why does the velocity of blood slow greatly as blood flows from arterioles into capillaries? | back 29 Because capillary beds have a total cross-sectional area much greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arterioles. |
front 30 How are gases transported in insect bodies? | back 30 in tracheal systems |
front 31 Strokes occurs when _____. | back 31 a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue |
front 32 Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with _____. | back 32 increased activity of the immune system |
front 33 Which of the following conditions would most likely be due to high blood pressure in a mammal? | back 33 bursting of blood vessels in capillary beds |
front 34 Atria contract _____. | back 34 during systole |
front 35 A species that has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of greater than 260 mm Hg is likely to be _____. | back 35 an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain |