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Chapter 42- Circulatory & Respiratory Systems

front 1

Which of the following best describes an artery?

back 1

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

front 2

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have _____.

back 2

a closed circulatory system

front 3

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

back 3

frogs

front 4

The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the _____

back 4

fishes

front 5

Circulatory systems compensate for _____.

back 5

the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances

front 6

In an open circulatory system, blood is _____.

back 6

not always confined to blood vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems

front 7

Blood returns to the heart via the _____.

back 7

pulmonary veins

front 8

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.

back 8

left atrium

front 9

From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.

back 9

right atrium

front 10

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.

back 10

inferior vena cava

front 11

What is the function of a circulatory system?

back 11

It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body.

front 12

Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body?

back 12

The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.

front 13

True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body.

back 13

False

front 14

What is the function of the left ventricle?

back 14

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation.

front 15

Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true?

back 15

Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.

front 16

Which event occurs first during diastole?

back 16

The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria.

front 17

Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measured?

back 17

The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria.

front 18

Which statement about human blood vessels is correct?

back 18

Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart

front 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals?

back 19

vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary artery

front 20

You cut your finger, and after putting pressure on the wound for several minutes, you notice that it is still bleeding profusely. What may be the problem?

back 20

Platelets are not functioning properly, or there are too few to be effective

front 21

Voice sounds are produced by the _____.

back 21

larynx

front 22

The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air.

back 22

nasal cavity

front 23

The smallest airway through which inspired air passes before gas exchange occurs in the mammalian lungs is the _____.

back 23

bronchiole

front 24

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize _____.

back 24

diffusion

front 25

During most daily activities, the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of _____.

back 25

carbon dioxide

front 26

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the

back 26

left atrium

front 27

When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe?

back 27

rising CO2

front 28

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is

back 28

the number of circuits for circulation

front 29

Why does the velocity of blood slow greatly as blood flows from arterioles into capillaries?

back 29

Because capillary beds have a total cross-sectional area much greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arterioles.

front 30

How are gases transported in insect bodies?

back 30

in tracheal systems

front 31

Strokes occurs when _____.

back 31

a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue

front 32

Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with _____.

back 32

increased activity of the immune system

front 33

Which of the following conditions would most likely be due to high blood pressure in a mammal?

back 33

bursting of blood vessels in capillary beds

front 34

Atria contract _____.

back 34

during systole

front 35

A species that has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of greater than 260 mm Hg is likely to be _____.

back 35

an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain