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Chapter 12: The CNS

front 1 The anterolateral pathways ____________ A) are evolutionarily newer than specific pathways B) are also called the lemniscal system C) are involved in the emotional aspects of perception D)receive inputs from a single type of sensory receptor	back 1 C) are involved in the emotional aspects of perception
front 2 What cells line the ventricles of the brain? A) nuerons B) ependymal cells C) astrocytes D) epithelial cells	back 2 B) ependymal cells
front 3 Which of the following best describes the cerebrum? A) decussation center B) executive suite C)visceral command center D)motor command center	back 3 B) executive suite
front 4 Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex? A) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas. B)No functional area of the cerebral cortex works alone C The hemispheres are exactly equal in function. D) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body	back 4 C) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

front 5 Which of the following is not a role of the basal nuclei? A) regulating attention and cognition B) controlling starting and stopping movements C) initiating protective reflex actions D) inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements	back 5 C) initiating protective reflex actions
front 6 Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall and personality? A) limbic association B) prefrontal cortex C) posterior association area D) combined primary somatosensory cortex association cortex	back 6 B) prefrontal cortex
front 7 Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano? A) emotional B) procedural C) motor D) declarative	back 7 B) procedural
front 8 Which of the following in not a function of the CSF? A) protection from blows B) reduction of brain weight C) nourishment of the brain D) initiation of some nerve impulses	back 8 D) initiation of some nerve impulses

front 9 Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement? A) Damage to the visual association are results in blindness B)Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location. C) Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control. D) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that are but movement is still possible	back 9 C) Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control.
front 10 2) The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________. A) pons B) thalamus C) hypothalamus D) medulla	back 10 C) hypothalamus
front 11 3) Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the ________. A) midbrain B) medulla C) pons D) cerebrum	back 11 C) pons
front 12 The arbor vitae refers to ________. A) cerebellar gray matter B) cerebellar white matter C) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum D) flocculonodular nodes	back 12 B) cerebellar white matter

front 13 The brain stem consists of the ________. A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla B) midbrain, medulla, and pons C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain D) midbrain only	back 13 B) midbrain, medulla, and pons
front 14 The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________. A) prefrontal lobe B) frontal lobe C) temporal lobe D) parietal lobe	back 14 C) temporal lobe
front 15 Spinocerebellar tracts ________. A) terminate in the spinal cord B) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum C) give rise to conscious experience of perception D) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord	back 15 B) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
front 16 9) The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? A) arachnoid and epidura B) arachnoid and pia C) arachnoid and dura D) dura and epidura	back 16 B) arachnoid and pia

front 17 10) The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________. A) pons B) medulla C) midbrain D) cerebrum	back 17 B) medulla
front 18 11) Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________. A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord B) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord C) the thalamus D) sympathetic ganglia	back 18 A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
front 19 12 12) The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the ________. A) central fissure B) longitudinal fissure C) parieto-occipital fissure D) lateral fissure	back 19 B) longitudinal fissure
front 20 14) A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________. A) sulcus B) fissure C) gyrus D) furrow	back 20 A) sulcus

front 21 16) If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly ________. A) the spinal cord may be affected B) the cranial nerves would not form C) the hindbrain would not be present D) the telencephalon would cease development	back 21 A) the spinal cord may be affected
front 22 17) The central sulcus separates which lobes? A) frontal from parietal B) parietal from occipital C) temporal from parietal D) frontal from temporal	back 22 A) frontal from parietal
front 23 18 18) Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________. A) anterior spinothalamic B) reticulospinal C) lateral spinothalamic D) posterior spinothalamic	back 23 C) lateral spinothalamic
front 24 19) Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex? A) cell bodies B) dendrites C) unmyelinated axons D) fiber tracts	back 24 D) fiber tracts

front 25 20) The hypothalamus ________. A) is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature B) is an important auditory and visual relay center C) has the Pulvinar body as part of its structure D) mediates sensations	back 25 A) is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature
front 26 21) The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________. A) myelinated nerve fibers only B) unmyelinated nerve fibers only C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers D) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers	back 26 C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
front 27 23) An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________. A) paraplegia B) hemiplegia C) quadriplegia D) spinal shock only	back 27 A) paraplegia
front 28 24) Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________. A) upper motor neurons B) lower motor neurons C) spinal nerve roots D) neuromotor junction	back 28 A) upper motor neurons

front 29 25) Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________. A) gyri B) sulci C) fissures D) ganglia	back 29 A) gyri
front 30 26) The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________. A) longitudinal fissure B) lateral sulcus C) central sulcus D) cranial fossa	back 30 B) lateral sulcus
front 31 28) Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________. A) pyramidal and corticospinal B) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal C) segmental and nigrostriatal D) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine	back 31 A) pyramidal and corticospinal
front 32 29) An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________. A) calcarine cortex B) primary visual area C) visual association area D) lateral geniculate body	back 32 C) visual association area

front 33 30) Brocaʹs area ________. A) corresponds to Brodmannʹs area 8 B) is usually found in the right hemisphere C) serves the recognition of complex objects D) is considered a motor speech area	back 33 D) is considered a motor speech area
front 34 32) The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________. A) metabolic waste such as urea B) nutrients such as glucose C) alcohol D) anesthetics	back 34 A) metabolic waste such as urea
front 35 33) Which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei? A) putamen B) lentiform nucleus C) globus pallidus D) substantia nigra	back 35 D) substantia nigra
front 36 34) All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________. A) hippocampus B) cingulate gyrus C) amygdaloid nucleus D) caudate nucleus	back 36 D) caudate nucleus

front 37 35) Which of the following is not a midbrain structure? A) third ventricle B) cerebral peduncles C) corpora quadrigemina D) red nucleus	back 37 A) third ventricle
front 38 36) The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________. A) consolidation B) automatic memory C) long-term memory D) rehearsal	back 38 A) consolidation
front 39 38) The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________. A) thalamus B) reticular formation C) pyramids D) limbic system	back 39 B) reticular formation
front 40 39) Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid? A) glucose B) red blood cells C) potassium D) protein	back 40 B) red blood cells

front 41 40) REM sleep is associated with ________. A) decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure B) decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex C) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for the extrinsic eye muscles D) decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex	back 41 C) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for the extrinsic eye muscles
front 42 42) Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________. A) pathologic sleep B) loss of body temperature control C) production of excessive quantities of urine D) loss of proprioception	back 42 D) loss of proprioception
front 43 45) Which association regarding the function and location of the cerebrum is most accurate? A) sensory-anterior B) motor-medial C) sensory-medial D) motor-anterior	back 43 D) motor-anterior
front 44 46) Brain wave amplitude ________. A) reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously B) is an average of about 1 V C) results from subtraction of delta waves from theta waves D) is the measure of activity of specific individual neurons	back 44 A) reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously

front 45 51) Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________. A) red nuclei B) vestibular nuclei C) reticular nuclei D) superior colliculi	back 45 B) vestibular nuclei
front 46 52) Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory? A) hippocampus B) medulla C) amygdala D) prefrontal cortex	back 46 B) medulla
front 47 53) The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________. A) olfactory cortex B) gusatory cortex C) vestibular cortex D) visceral sensory area	back 47 D) visceral sensory area
front 48 54) Which statement about coma is true? A) Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time. B) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state. C) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope. D) Coma is rarely caused by damage to brain stem structures.	back 48 A) Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.

front 49 55) Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________. A) Huntingtonʹs disease B) Parkinsonʹs disease C) cerebellar disease D) spinal cord disease	back 49 B) Parkinsonʹs disease
front 50 56) Which is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury? A) contusion B) concussion C) hemorrhage D) swelling	back 50 B) concussion
front 51 57) Declarative memory ________. A) is the ability to learn specific information B) is best remembered in the doing C) is hard to unlearn when learned once D) usually involves motor skills	back 51 A) is the ability to learn specific information
front 52 58) Which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)? A) postcentral gyrus B) gustatory cortex C) red nuclei D) Wernickeʹs area	back 52 C) red nuclei

front 53 59) Which statement is not true? A) Sleep requirements decline from infancy to early adulthood, level off, then decline again in old age. B) Half of infant sleep is composed of REM sleep. C) Ten-year-olds are in REM sleep about 1.5-2 hours per night. D) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.	back 53 D) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
front 54 60) Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate? A) During seizures, sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked. B) Petit mal epilepsy typically begins in adolescence and is often severely disabling. C) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor. D) The aura in grand mal epilepsy typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.	back 54 C) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor.
front 55 61) White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations, with the exception of the ________. A) corpus callosum B) cerebral cortex C) corticospinal tracts D) outer portion of the spinal cord	back 55 B) cerebral cortex
front 56 62) Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________. A) spinal cord B) medulla C) thalamus D) somatosensory cortex	back 56 C) thalamus

front 57 63) Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________. A) spinal cord B) premotor cortex C) primary motor cortex D) rubrospinal tracts	back 57 B) premotor cortex
front 58 64) ________ waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children. A) Alpha B) Beta C) Delta D) Theta	back 58 D) Theta