Human Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 12: The CNS Flashcards

The anterolateral pathways ____________

A) are evolutionarily newer than specific pathways

B) are also called the lemniscal system

C) are involved in the emotional aspects of perception

D)receive inputs from a single type of sensory receptor

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

A) nuerons

B) ependymal cells

C) astrocytes

D) epithelial cells

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

A) decussation center

B) executive suite

C)visceral command center

D)motor command center

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

A) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.

B)No functional area of the cerebral cortex works alone

C The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

D) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body

Which of the following is not a role of the basal nuclei?

A) regulating attention and cognition

B) controlling starting and stopping movements

C) initiating protective reflex actions

D) inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall and personality?

A) limbic association

B) prefrontal cortex

C) posterior association area

D) combined primary somatosensory cortex association cortex

Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?

A) emotional

B) procedural

C) motor

D) declarative

Which of the following in not a function of the CSF?

A) protection from blows

B) reduction of brain weight

C) nourishment of the brain

D) initiation of some nerve impulses

Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?

A) Damage to the visual association are results in blindness

B)Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.

C) Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control.

D) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that are but movement is still possible

2) The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________.

A) pons
B) thalamus
C) hypothalamus
D) medulla

3) Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the ________.

A) midbrain
B) medulla
C) pons
D) cerebrum

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

A) cerebellar gray matter
B) cerebellar white matter
C) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum
D) flocculonodular nodes

The brain stem consists of the ________.

A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla
B) midbrain, medulla, and pons
C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain
D) midbrain only

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.

A) prefrontal lobe
B) frontal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) parietal lobe

Spinocerebellar tracts ________.

A) terminate in the spinal cord
B) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
C) give rise to conscious experience of perception
D) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord

9) The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A) arachnoid and epidura
B) arachnoid and pia
C) arachnoid and dura
D) dura and epidura

10) The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the
________.

A) pons
B) medulla
C) midbrain
D) cerebrum

11) Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
B) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
C) the thalamus
D) sympathetic ganglia

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12) The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the ________.

A) central fissure
B) longitudinal fissure
C) parieto-occipital fissure
D) lateral fissure

14) A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.

A) sulcus
B) fissure
C) gyrus
D) furrow

16) If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly ________.

A) the spinal cord may be affected
B) the cranial nerves would not form
C) the hindbrain would not be present
D) the telencephalon would cease development

17) The central sulcus separates which lobes?

A) frontal from parietal
B) parietal from occipital
C) temporal from parietal
D) frontal from temporal

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18) Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would
be ________.

A) anterior spinothalamic
B) reticulospinal
C) lateral spinothalamic
D) posterior spinothalamic

19) Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?

A) cell bodies
B) dendrites
C) unmyelinated axons
D) fiber tracts

20) The hypothalamus ________.

A) is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature
B) is an important auditory and visual relay center
C) has the Pulvinar body as part of its structure
D) mediates sensations

21) The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.

A) myelinated nerve fibers only
B) unmyelinated nerve fibers only
C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
D) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

23) An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in
________.

A) paraplegia
B) hemiplegia
C) quadriplegia
D) spinal shock only

24) Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.

A) upper motor neurons
B) lower motor neurons
C) spinal nerve roots
D) neuromotor junction

25) Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

A) gyri
B) sulci
C) fissures
D) ganglia

26) The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

A) longitudinal fissure
B) lateral sulcus
C) central sulcus
D) cranial fossa

28) Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.

A) pyramidal and corticospinal
B) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
C) segmental and nigrostriatal
D) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine

29) An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not
recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________.

A) calcarine cortex
B) primary visual area
C) visual association area
D) lateral geniculate body

30) Brocaʹs area ________.

A) corresponds to Brodmannʹs area 8
B) is usually found in the right hemisphere
C) serves the recognition of complex objects
D) is considered a motor speech area

32) The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.

A) metabolic waste such as urea
B) nutrients such as glucose
C) alcohol
D) anesthetics

33) Which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei?

A) putamen
B) lentiform nucleus
C) globus pallidus
D) substantia nigra

34) All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________.

A) hippocampus
B) cingulate gyrus
C) amygdaloid nucleus
D) caudate nucleus

35) Which of the following is not a midbrain structure?

A) third ventricle
B) cerebral peduncles
C) corpora quadrigemina
D) red nucleus

36) The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called
________.

A) consolidation
B) automatic memory
C) long-term memory
D) rehearsal

38) The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the
cerebral cortex is the ________.

A) thalamus
B) reticular formation
C) pyramids
D) limbic system

39) Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

A) glucose
B) red blood cells
C) potassium
D) protein

40) REM sleep is associated with ________.

A) decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure
B) decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex
C) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for the extrinsic eye muscles
D) decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex

42) Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________.

A) pathologic sleep
B) loss of body temperature control
C) production of excessive quantities of urine
D) loss of proprioception

45) Which association regarding the function and location of the cerebrum is most accurate?

A) sensory-anterior
B) motor-medial
C) sensory-medial
D) motor-anterior

46) Brain wave amplitude ________.

A) reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously
B) is an average of about 1 V
C) results from subtraction of delta waves from theta waves
D) is the measure of activity of specific individual neurons

51) Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the
equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of
postural muscles are the ________.

A) red nuclei
B) vestibular nuclei
C) reticular nuclei
D) superior colliculi

52) Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?

A) hippocampus
B) medulla
C) amygdala
D) prefrontal cortex

53) The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that
your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.

A) olfactory cortex
B) gusatory cortex
C) vestibular cortex
D) visceral sensory area

54) Which statement about coma is true?

A) Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.
B) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state.
C) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope.
D) Coma is rarely caused by damage to brain stem structures.

55) Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of
________.

A) Huntingtonʹs disease
B) Parkinsonʹs disease
C) cerebellar disease
D) spinal cord disease

56) Which is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

A) contusion
B) concussion
C) hemorrhage
D) swelling

57) Declarative memory ________.

A) is the ability to learn specific information
B) is best remembered in the doing
C) is hard to unlearn when learned once
D) usually involves motor skills

58) Which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

A) postcentral gyrus
B) gustatory cortex
C) red nuclei
D) Wernickeʹs area

59) Which statement is not true?

A) Sleep requirements decline from infancy to early adulthood, level off, then decline again
in old age.
B) Half of infant sleep is composed of REM sleep.
C) Ten-year-olds are in REM sleep about 1.5-2 hours per night.
D) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.

60) Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?

A) During seizures, sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked.
B) Petit mal epilepsy typically begins in adolescence and is often severely disabling.
C) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke,
infection, and tumor.
D) The aura in grand mal epilepsy typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.

61) White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations, with the exception
of the ________.

A) corpus callosum
B) cerebral cortex
C) corticospinal tracts
D) outer portion of the spinal cord

62) Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in
the ________.

A) spinal cord
B) medulla
C) thalamus
D) somatosensory cortex

63) Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or
weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

A) spinal cord
B) premotor cortex
C) primary motor cortex
D) rubrospinal tracts

64) ________ waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children.

A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Delta
D) Theta