front 1 1) What type of immunity results from vaccination? A) innate immunity B) naturally acquired active immunity C) naturally acquired passive immunity D) artificially acquired active immunity E) artificially acquired passive immunity | back 1 Answer: D |
front 2 2) What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection? A) innate immunity B) naturally acquired active immunity C) naturally acquired passive immunity D) artificially acquired active immunity E) artificially acquired passive immunity | back 2 Answer: E |
front 3 3) What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps? A) innate immunity B) naturally acquired active immunity C) naturally acquired passive immunity D) artificially acquired active immunity E) artificially acquired passive immunity | back 3 Answer: B |
front 4 4) Which of the following is the best definition of epitope? A) specific regions on antigens that interact with T-cell receptors B) specific regions on antigens that interact with MHC class molecules C) specific regions on antigens that interact with haptens D) specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies E) specific regions on antigens that interact with perforins | back 4 Answer: D |
front 5 5) Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of A) innate immunity. B) naturally acquired active immunity. C) naturally acquired passive immunity. D) artificially acquired active immunity. E) artificially acquired passive immunity. | back 5 Answer: C |
front 6 6) Which of the following statements is NOT a possible outcome of antigen-antibody reaction? A) clonal deletion B) activation of complement C) opsonization D) ADCC E) agglutination | back 6 Answer: A |
front 7 7) Which of the following cells is NOT an APC? A) dentritic cells B) macrophages C) mature B cells D) natural killer cells E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are APCs. | back 7 Answer: D |
front 8 8) When an antibody binds to a toxin, the resulting action is referred to as A) agglutination. B) opsonization. C) ADCC. D) apoptosis. E) neutralization. | back 8 Answer: E |
front 9 9) CD4+ T cells are activated by A) interaction between CD4+and MHC II. B) interaction between TCRs and MHC II. C) cytokines released by dendritic cells. D) cytokines released by B cells. E) complement. | back 9 Answer: A |
front 10 10) Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II? A) TCcell B) B cell C) THcell D) natural killer cell E) basophil | back 10 Answer: C |
front 11 11) The specificity of an antibody is due to A) its valence. B) the H chains. C) the L chains. D) the constant portions of the H and L chains. E) the variable portions of the H and L chains. | back 11 Answer: E |
front 12 12) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells? A) They originate in bone marrow. B) They have antibodies on their surfaces. C) They are responsible for the memory response. D) They are responsible for antibody formation. E) They recognize antigens associated with MHC I. | back 12 Answer: E |
front 13 13) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity? A) The cells originate in bone marrow. B) Cells are processed in the thymus gland. C) It can inhibit the immune response. D) B cells make antibodies. E) T cells react with antigens. | back 13 Answer: D |
front 14 14) Plasma cells are activated by a(n) A) antigen. B) T cell. C) B cell. D) memory cell. E) APC. | back 14 Answer: A |
front 15 15) The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are A) IgG. B) IgM. C) IgA. D) IgD. E) IgE. | back 15 Answer: C |
front 16 16) The antibodies found almost entirely and only on the surface of B cells (not secreted from them), and which always exist as monomers, are A) IgG. B) IgM. C) IgA. D) IgD. E) IgE. | back 16 Answer: D |
front 17 17) The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are A) IgG. B) IgM. C) IgA. D) IgD. E) IgE. | back 17 Answer: E |
front 18 18) In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are A) IgM. B) IgA. C) IgD. D) IgE. E) None of the answers is correct. | back 18 Answer: A |
front 19 19) Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are A) IgG. B) IgM. C) IgA. D) IgD. E) IgE. | back 19 Answer: B |
front 20 20) The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is A) IgG. B) IgM. C) IgA. D) IgD. E) IgE. | back 20 Answer: A |
front 21 21) In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the patient's secondary response to a repeated exposure with the identical antigen? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e | back 21 Answer: C |
front 22 22) In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the highest antibody titer during the patient's response to a second and distinct/different antigen? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e | back 22 Answer: E |
front 23 23) In Figure 17.1, the arrow at time (c) indicates A) the time of exposure to the same antigen as at time (a). B) the secondary response. C) the primary response. D) exposure to a new antigen. E) the T-cell response. | back 23 Answer: B |
front 24 24) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) The variable region of a heavy chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen. B) The variable region of a light chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen. C) The Fc region attaches to a host cell. D) The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies. E) All of the answers are correct. | back 24 Answer: D |
front 25 25) Which of the following is the best definition of antigen? A) something foreign in the body B) a chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies C) a chemical that combines with antibodies D) a pathogen E) a protein that combines with antibodies | back 25 Answer: B |
front 26 26) Which of the following WBCs are NOT lymphocytes? A) cytotoxic T cells B) helper T cells C) NK cells D) M cells E) B cells | back 26 Answer: D |
front 27 27) The following events elicit an antibody response. What is the third step? A) Antigen-digest goes to surface of APC. B) APC phagocytizes antigen. C) B cell is activated. D) THcell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II. E) THcell produces cytokines. | back 27 Answer: D |
front 28 28) In Figure 17.2, which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies? A) a and b B) a and c C) b and c D) c and d E) b and d | back 28 Answer: D |
front 29 29) In Figure 17.2, which areas are different for all IgM antibodies? A) a and b B) a and c C) b and c D) c and d | back 29 Answer: A |
front 30 30) In Figure 17.2, which areas represent antigen-binding sites? A) a and b B) a and c C) b and c D) c and d E) b and d | back 30 Answer: A |
front 31 31) In Figure 17.2, what portion will typically attach to a host cell? A) a and c B) b C) b and c D) a and d E) e | back 31 Answer: E |
front 32 32) Which of the following bacterial components would most likely result in B cell stimulation by T-independent antigens? A) capsule B) flagellum C) pili D) ribosome E) plasmid | back 32 Answer: A |
front 33 33) The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination? A) IgA B) IgG C) IgM D) IgD E) IgE | back 33 Answer: C |
front 34 34) Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells? A) CTL B) Treg C) TH D) dendritic cells E) B cells | back 34 Answer: A |
front 35 35) The following events occur in cellular immunity, leading to a response from TH cells. What is the third step? A) Antibodies are produced. B) Dendritic cell takes up antigen. C) Antigen enters M cell. D) THcell produces cytokines. E) THcells proliferate. | back 35 Answer: E |
front 36 36) Cytokines released by TH1 cells A) activate CD8+cells to CTLs. B) convert TH1 cells to TH2 cells. C) convert TH2 cells to TH1 cells. D) kill parasites. E) convert B cells to T cells. | back 36 Answer: A |
front 37 37) Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells? A) granzymes B) hapten C) IL-1 D) IL-2 E) perforin | back 37 Answer: E |
front 38 38) At a minimum, the human immune system is capable of recognizing approximately how many different antigens? A) 105 B) 1010 C) 1015 D) 1020 E) 1025 | back 38 Answer: C |
front 39 39) Thymic selection A) destroys T cells that do not recognize self-molecules of MHC. B) destroys B cells that make antibodies against self. C) destroys MHC molecules. D) destroys CD4+cells that attack self. E) activates B cells. | back 39 Answer: A |
front 40 40) Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE? A) They destroy virus-infected cells. B) They destroy tumor cells. C) They destroy cells lacking MHC I. D) They are stimulated by an antigen. E) None of the answers are correct; all of these statements are true. | back 40 Answer: D |
front 41 41) An antibody's Fc region can be bound by A) antibodies. B) macrophages. C) T helper cells. D) B cells. E) CTLs. | back 41 Answer: B |
front 42 42) A Treg cell deficiency could result in A) increased number of viral infections. B) increased number of bacterial infections. C) autoimmunity. D) increased severity of bacterial infections. E) transplant rejection. | back 42 Answer: C |
front 43 43) ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying A) eukaryotic pathogens. B) prions. C) extracellular viruses. D) bacterial pathogens. E) bacterial toxins. | back 43 Answer: A |
front 44 44) IL-2, produced by TH cells, A) activates macrophages. B) stimulates THcell maturation. C) causes phagocytosis. D) activates antigen-presenting cells. E) activates TCcells to CTLs. | back 44 Answer: B |
front 45 45) Which of the following statements about IL-12 is FALSE? A) It activates macrophages. B) It inhibits some tumor cells. C) It activates the TH1 pathway. D) It causes autoimmune diseases. E) It causes THcells to respond to HIV. | back 45 Answer: D |
front 46 1) Apoptosis results in significant leakage of cellular contents. | back 46 Answer: FALSE |
front 47 2) Cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system. | back 47 Answer: TRUE |
front 48 3) Only dendritic cells produce interleukins. | back 48 Answer: FALSE |
front 49 4) The production of interferons at an infection site is critical for chemotaxis. | back 49 Answer: FALSE |
front 50 5) Cytokine storms negatively impact human health. | back 50 Answer: TRUE |
front 51 6) The variable region of the antibody is solely responsible the significant diversity of antigen targets. | back 51 Answer: FALSE |
front 52 7) Plasma cells will eventually differentiate into memory cells. | back 52 Answer: FALSE |
front 53 8) Memory cells do not require B cell receptors. | back 53 Answer: FALSE |
front 54 9) The implementation of vaccinations occurred prior to experimental support for the germ theory of disease. | back 54 Answer: TRUE |
front 55 10) When haptens attach to carrier molecules, an epitope forms on hapten which then can be bound to antibody. | back 55 Answer: FALSE |