front 1 The smallest living unit within the human body is | back 1 the cell |
front 2 The watery component of the cytoplasm is called | back 2 cytosol |
front 3 Which of the following terms is not used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? | back 3 cell wall |
front 4 Functions of the plasmalemma include all of the following, except | back 4 thermal insulation |
front 5 The plasma membrane is composed of | back 5 a bilayer of phospholipids |
front 6 Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins? | back 6 cell nutrient |
front 7 Functions of the glycocalyx include | back 7 all of the above |
front 8 Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle, except | back 8 lysosomes |
front 9 Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following, except | back 9 microsomes |
front 10 Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to | back 10 microfilaments |
front 11 Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division? | back 11 microtubules |
front 12 Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the | back 12 mitochondria |
front 13 In the mitochondrion, folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to | back 13 matrix |
front 14 The components of ribosomes are formed within | back 14 nucleoli |
front 15 Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the | back 15 smooth ER |
front 16 Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes? | back 16 rough endoplasmic reticulum |
front 17 Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the | back 17 Golgi apparatus |
front 18 Organelles that absorb and neutralize drugs and toxins are | back 18 peroxisomes |
front 19 When activated, lysosomes function in | back 19 digestion of foreign material |
front 20 Most of a cell's a DNA is located in its | back 20 nucleus |
front 21 The control center of cellular operations is the | back 21 nucleus |
front 22 The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are | back 22 chromosomes |
front 23 mRNA is needed to synthesize______in the cytoplasm. | back 23 proteins |
front 24 The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the | back 24 gene |
front 25 As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome, it attracts
another molecule containing the anticodon. | back 25 tRNA |
front 26 The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called | back 26 translation |
front 27 The process of forming mRNA is called | back 27 transcription |
front 28 The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of | back 28 diffusion |
front 29 Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following, except | back 29 hydrolysis of ATP |
front 30 Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through | back 30 channels formed by integral proteins |
front 31 A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called | back 31 hypotonic |
front 32 "Spikes" form on a blood cell when it is placed in a(n)___solution. | back 32 hypertonic |
front 33 The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called | back 33 facilitated diffusion |
front 34 Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that | back 34 the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules. |
front 35 A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called | back 35 active transport |
front 36 The intake of small membrane vesicles from the extracellular fluid is called | back 36 endocytosis |
front 37 The principle cations in our body fluids are__and___ | back 37 sodium, potassium |
front 38 In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects___ions from the cell and imports____ ions. | back 38 sodium, potassium |
front 39 Which of the following about a cell's resting transmembrane potential is false | back 39 inside slightly more positive than outside |
front 40 The potential difference across the cell membrane is due to the separation of | back 40 cations and anions |
front 41 Changes in the transmembrane potential of a cell are involved in | back 41 all of the above |
front 42 The stage in a cell's life cycle in which the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division is called | back 42 interphase |
front 43 A cell duplicates its chromosomes during the___ phase. | back 43 S |
front 44 During mitosis, chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes during | back 44 anaphase |
front 45 During this phase of cell division, the chromosomes uncoil, the nuclear membrane forms, and cytokinesis | back 45 telophase |
front 46 As genes are functionally eliminated, the cell becomes limited in the rage of proteins it can make. This specialization process is termed | back 46 differentiation |
front 47 All of the following membrane transport mechanisms are passive processes, except | back 47 vesicular transport |
front 48 The plasmalemma includes | back 48 all of the above |
front 49 The genetically programmed death of cells is called | back 49 apoptosis |
front 50 Osmotic pressure | back 50 all of the above |
front 51 Membrane proteins perform which of the following functions | back 51 all of the above |
front 52 Which of the following about cytoplasm is false | back 52 extracellular fluid contains more protein |
front 53 Many proteins in the cytosol are___ that accelerate metabolic reactions. | back 53 enzymes |
front 54 Extracellular fluid serves as | back 54 a transport medium |
front 55 Microfilaments | back 55 all of the above |
front 56 Tubulin is | back 56 a protein that assembles into filamentous tubes (microtubles). |
front 57 These molecular motors carry materials in opposite directions along microtubules | back 57 dynein and kinesin |
front 58 Endocytosis is | back 58 a method for transporting substances into the cell |
front 59 Peroxisomes | back 59 Both A and B |
front 60 Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while other have relatively few or none. This suggests that | back 60 cells with large numbers of mitochondria have high energy demand |
front 61 A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. Thus, it | back 61 cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months |
front 62 Histones are found in | back 62 nucleosomes |
front 63 Chromosomes consist of ___ and ___ | back 63 DNA; proteins |
front 64 Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein | back 64 nucleolus |
front 65 Messenger RNA is vital to the cell because | back 65 both A and D |
front 66 The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are | back 66 genes |
front 67 Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ___ and___ | back 67 multiple enzymes; three types of RNA |
front 68 Which of these transport processes always requires metabolic energy | back 68 vesicular transport |
front 69 The skin swells and puckers during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a(n)___ fluid | back 69 hypotonic |
front 70 Red blood cells shrinkage is to ___ as cell bursting is to | back 70 crenation; hemolysis |
front 71 Two types of vesicular transport include | back 71 endocytosis and exocytosis |
front 72 A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates | back 72 phagocytosis |
front 73 During mitosis, two daughter cells form, each of which has | back 73 the same number of chromosomes as the original cell |
front 74 A unit in messenger RNA consisting of a set of three consecutives nucleotides is termed a(n) | back 74 codon |
front 75 An impermeable carbohydrate that is often administered to patients suffering blood loss is | back 75 dextran |
front 76 An alternate term for tumor is | back 76 neoplasm |
front 77 what is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes | back 77 plasmalemma |
front 78 Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins? | back 78 rough endoplasmic reticulum |
front 79 Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false | back 79 sends transport vesicles to the RER |
front 80 Which phase of the cell cycle has the most variable duration | back 80 G0 phase |
front 81 Microtubules have which of the following functions | back 81 all of the above |
front 82 The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for | back 82 all of the above |
front 83 A substance containing atoms of different elements that are bounded together is called a(n) | back 83 compound |
front 84 Special catalytic molecules called___ control chemical reactions in the human body | back 84 enzymes |
front 85 All organic compounds in the human body contain all of the following elements, except | back 85 calcium |
front 86 Which of the following is not a function of protein | back 86 storage of genetic information |
front 87 Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is false | back 87 made of cytobones |
front 88 Which of the following properties of microtubules is true | back 88 interact with dynein and kinesin |
front 89 Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is places into | back 89 hypotonic solution |
front 90 If a cell lacked the enzyme DNA polymerase, it could not | back 90 form coplementary sequences of DNA |
front 91 Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains | back 91 a higher concentration of potassium ions |
front 92 Microfilaments | back 92 anchor the cytoskeleton to integrals proteins of the cell membrane |
front 93 If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to | back 93 form the mitotic spindle |
front 94 Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is true, except one. Identify the exception | back 94 the mitochondria contain no DNA |
front 95 Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, except | back 95 modification of protein |
front 96 The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of
secretion by the Golgi apparatus. | back 96 The proper order for these is 3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2 |
front 97 Imagine two rigid chambers separated by a rigid membrane that is freely permeable to water but impermeable to glucose. Side 1 contains a 10 percent glucose solution and side 2 contains pure water. At equilibrium, what will be the situation? | back 97 the hydrostatic pressure will be higher in side 1 |
front 98 If the amount of chloride ion in blood plasma increases, which of the following would initially occur? | back 98 the blood osmotic pressure will increase |
front 99 If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cell decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant, | back 99 the cells will swell |
front 100 Assume that the transport of a particular amino acid across the
plasmalemma is observed (1) to occur only | back 100 facilitated diffusion |
front 101 Generally, cells with a very brief interphase and lacking a G0 phase | back 101 are stem cells |
front 102 There is a direct correlation between the potency of a general anesthetic such as ether and its ability to | back 102 dissolve in lipids |
front 103 Cancer cells | back 103 may exhibit metastasis |
front 104 The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is | back 104 UAG |
front 105 The anticodon for the triplet UCA is | back 105 AGU |
front 106 Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be | back 106 Both A and C |
front 107 Microscopic analysis of a tissue sample indicates that it contains abundant myosin and actin filaments. This tissue is probably formed from | back 107 muscle cells |
front 108 Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells? | back 108 steroid hormones |
front 109 Breathing faster and deeper eliminates more carbon dioxide from the body than normal breathing. Under these circumstances | back 109 more carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood |
front 110 A membrane transport process is found experimentally to have a saturation limit. Which of the following is a possible property of the process? | back 110 all of the above |
front 111 In a series of measurements of resting transmembrane potential, the following values were recorded. Which one is likeliest to be an error? | back 111 +100 mV |
front 112 Mitosis is to somatic cells as meiosis is to | back 112 reproductive cells |
front 113 cell diagram | back 113 look in phone |
front 114 Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids occurs in the structure labeled | back 114 7 |
front 115 Which structure produces ATP for the cell? | back 115 3 |
front 116 Which organelle renews the cell membrane and modifies and packages proteins for secretion? | back 116 8 |
front 117 The structure labeled "1" permits the cell to | back 117 increase surface area for increased membrane transport |