2nd test review Flashcards

The smallest living unit within the human body is

The watery component of the cytoplasm is called

Which of the following terms is not used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?

Functions of the plasmalemma include all of the following, except

The plasma membrane is composed of

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

Functions of the glycocalyx include

Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle, except

Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following, except

Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to

Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

In the mitochondrion, folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to

The components of ribosomes are formed within

Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?

Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the

Organelles that absorb and neutralize drugs and toxins are

When activated, lysosomes function in

Most of a cell's a DNA is located in its

The control center of cellular operations is the

The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are

mRNA is needed to synthesize______in the cytoplasm.

The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the

As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome, it attracts another molecule containing the anticodon.
This molecule is called

The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called

The process of forming mRNA is called

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of

Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following, except

Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through

A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called

"Spikes" form on a blood cell when it is placed in a(n)___solution.

The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called

The intake of small membrane vesicles from the extracellular fluid is called

The principle cations in our body fluids are__and___

In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects___ions from the cell and imports____ ions.

Which of the following about a cell's resting transmembrane potential is false

The potential difference across the cell membrane is due to the separation of

Changes in the transmembrane potential of a cell are involved in

The stage in a cell's life cycle in which the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division is called

A cell duplicates its chromosomes during the___ phase.

During mitosis, chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes during

During this phase of cell division, the chromosomes uncoil, the nuclear membrane forms, and cytokinesis

As genes are functionally eliminated, the cell becomes limited in the rage of proteins it can make. This specialization process is termed

All of the following membrane transport mechanisms are passive processes, except

The plasmalemma includes

The genetically programmed death of cells is called

Osmotic pressure

Membrane proteins perform which of the following functions

Which of the following about cytoplasm is false

Many proteins in the cytosol are___ that accelerate metabolic reactions.

Extracellular fluid serves as

Microfilaments

Tubulin is

These molecular motors carry materials in opposite directions along microtubules

Endocytosis is

Peroxisomes

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while other have relatively few or none. This suggests that

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. Thus, it

Histones are found in

Chromosomes consist of ___ and ___

Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein

Messenger RNA is vital to the cell because

The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are

Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ___ and___

Which of these transport processes always requires metabolic energy

The skin swells and puckers during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a(n)___ fluid

Red blood cells shrinkage is to ___ as cell bursting is to

Two types of vesicular transport include

A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates

During mitosis, two daughter cells form, each of which has

A unit in messenger RNA consisting of a set of three consecutives nucleotides is termed a(n)

An impermeable carbohydrate that is often administered to patients suffering blood loss is

An alternate term for tumor is

what is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes

Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false

Which phase of the cell cycle has the most variable duration

Microtubules have which of the following functions

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for

A substance containing atoms of different elements that are bounded together is called a(n)

Special catalytic molecules called___ control chemical reactions in the human body

All organic compounds in the human body contain all of the following elements, except

Which of the following is not a function of protein

Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is false

Which of the following properties of microtubules is true

Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is places into

If a cell lacked the enzyme DNA polymerase, it could not

Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains

Microfilaments

If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to

Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is true, except one. Identify the exception

Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, except

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus.
1. Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles.
2. Exocytosis.
3. Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles.
4. Secretory vesicles are formed at the maturing face.
5. Vesicles arrive at the forming

Imagine two rigid chambers separated by a rigid membrane that is freely permeable to water but impermeable to glucose. Side 1 contains a 10 percent glucose solution and side 2 contains pure water. At equilibrium, what will be the situation?

If the amount of chloride ion in blood plasma increases, which of the following would initially occur?

If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cell decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant,

Assume that the transport of a particular amino acid across the plasmalemma is observed (1) to occur only
down its concentration gradient and (2) to slow when a similar amino acid is added to the extracellular fluid.
The movement of the amino acid through the membrane is most likely by

Generally, cells with a very brief interphase and lacking a G0 phase

There is a direct correlation between the potency of a general anesthetic such as ether and its ability to

Cancer cells

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is

The anticodon for the triplet UCA is

Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be

Microscopic analysis of a tissue sample indicates that it contains abundant myosin and actin filaments. This tissue is probably formed from

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells?

Breathing faster and deeper eliminates more carbon dioxide from the body than normal breathing. Under these circumstances

A membrane transport process is found experimentally to have a saturation limit. Which of the following is a possible property of the process?

In a series of measurements of resting transmembrane potential, the following values were recorded. Which one is likeliest to be an error?

Mitosis is to somatic cells as meiosis is to

cell diagram

Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids occurs in the structure labeled

Which structure produces ATP for the cell?

Which organelle renews the cell membrane and modifies and packages proteins for secretion?

The structure labeled "1" permits the cell to