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Study Area Chapter 25 The Urinary System

front 1 How is Na+ reabsorbed? by active transport using ATP by receptor-mediated endocytosis by facilitated diffusion by osmosis by diffusion	back 1 by active transport using ATP
front 2 The major calyces are the __________. pyramid-shaped structures in the renal medulla expanded ends of nephrons capsules surrounding each kidney functional units of the kidneys large branches of the renal pelvis	back 2 large branches of the renal pelvis
front 3 Micturition is __________. a form of glomerular filtration a mechanism for concentrating urine a method of tubular reabsorption the release of urine from the bladder via the urethra the production of urine	back 3 the release of urine from the bladder via the urethra
front 4 The basic functional unit of the kidney is the __________. glomerulus major calyx renal corpuscle loop of Henle nephron	back 4 nephron

front 5 The blood supply leading directly into the nephron is the __________. afferent arteriole efferent arteriole interlobular artery segmental artery renal artery	back 5 afferent arteriole
front 6 The glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule and glomerulus make up the __________. papilla nephron renal pelvis renal corpuscle loop of Henle	back 6 renal corpuscle
front 7 An important factor directly affecting the glomerular filtration rate is __________. blood osmotic pressure net filtration pressure capsular hydrostatic pressure capsular osmotic pressure negative pressure	back 7 net filtration pressure
front 8 When the concentration of ADH increases, __________. the specific gravity of the urine decreases less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct less urine is produced blood volume decreases more salt is secreted by the nephron	back 8 less urine is produced

front 9 Which process results in increased blood pressure in response to hormone release? adrenergic response myogenic mechanism countercurrent mechanism tubuloglomerular response renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism	back 9 renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
front 10 Which structure is the muscular tube that delivers urine to the bladder? renal pelvis urethra papillary duct ureter prostate	back 10 ureter
front 11 Which substance would NOT normally be expected in urine? water uric acid potassium sodium protein	back 11 protein
front 12 Arrange the following structures to represent the sequence in which urine passes through them to the external environment: (1) ureter, (2) renal pelvis, (3) calyx, (4) urinary bladder, and (5) urethra. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 3, 4, 1, 5, 2	back 12 3, 2, 1, 4, 5

front 13 If the efferent arteriole constricts while the afferent arteriole remains unchanged, the glomerular filtration rate __________. decreases increases does not change cannot be determined	back 13 increases
front 14 The presence of glucose and ketone bodies in the urine can indicate __________. albuminuria trauma to the kidneys infection of the urinary tract untreated diabetes mellitus	back 14 untreated diabetes mellitus
front 15 Which of the following statements about the urinary system is INCORRECT? It metabolizes vitamin D to its active form. It produces erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell formation. It produces epinephrine. It produces renin, which helps regulate blood pressure.	back 15 It produces epinephrine.
front 16 The renal hilum lies on the __________ surface of the kidney. inferior lateral superior medial	back 16 medial

front 17 The __________ cushions the kidney and helps attach it to the posterior body wall. renal pelvis ureter fibrous capsule perirenal fat capsule	back 17 perirenal fat capsule
front 18 Renal ptosis may lead to __________. degeneration of the perirenal fat renal calculus formation hydronephrosis due to urine backup bleeding in the kidney tissue	back 18 hydronephrosis due to urine backup
front 19 The renal __________ is continuous with the ureter. cortex pelvis medulla glomerulus	back 19 pelvis
front 20 All of the following are layers of the filtration membrane in the glomerular membrane EXCEPT the __________. basement membrane renal capsule fenestrated endothelium visceral layer	back 20 renal capsule

front 21 What structure(s) is/are part of the juxtaglomerular complex and act(s) as a mechanoreceptor, sensing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole? extraglomerular mesangial cells macula densa podocytes granular cells	back 21 granular cells
front 22 All of the following functions are carried out in the renal tubules EXCEPT __________. secretion reabsorption formation of urine filtration	back 22 filtration
front 23 Which nephron capillary bed specializes in forming concentrated urine? peritubular capillaries efferent arteriole vasa recta glomerulus	back 23 vasa recta
front 24 The energy needed for secondary active transport is provided by the __________. renal capillary hydrostatic pressure cleavage of ATP concentration gradient established by Na+ filtration membrane	back 24 concentration gradient established by Na⁺

front 25 Which of the following is the countercurrent multiplier in the kidney? the proximal convoluted tubule the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule around the glomerulus the vasa recta the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron	back 25 the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron
front 26 Urea transport out of the medullary collecting duct is enhanced by __________. renin ADH prostaglandin E2 angiotensin II	back 26 ADH
front 27 Which of the following is the standard substance used to measure the GFR? glucose drug metabolites protein inulin	back 27 inulin
front 28 Which of the following substances is the largest component of urine by weight after water? inulin uric acid urea creatinine	back 28 urea

front 29 Which of the following is/are NOT associated with primary nocturnal enuresis? a small bladder capacity unusually sound sleep females over the age of 60 years inadequate nocturnal ADH production	back 29 females over the age of 60 years
front 30 Every day the kidneys filter nearly __________ of fluid from the bloodstream. 50 liters 100 liters 200 liters 500 liters	back 30 200 liters
front 31 The perirenal fat capsule is a transparent capsule that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney. True False	back 31 False
front 32 The __________ is the darker, reddish-brown area of the kidney that exhibits cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids. renal cortex renal medulla renal pelvis renal column	back 32 renal medulla

front 33 Under normal resting conditions, the __________ arteries deliver one-fourth of the total cardiac output (about 1200 ml) to the kidneys each minute. renal segmental interlobar cortical radiate	back 33 renal
front 34 __________ are the structural and functional units of the kidneys, which carry out the processes that form urine. Glomerular capsules Major calyces Nephrons Renal pyramids	back 34 Nephrons
front 35 In what part of the nephron is plasma filtered? in the renal corpuscle in the proximal convoluted tubule in the distal convoluted tubule in the collecting duct	back 35 in the renal corpuscle
front 36 The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane. True False	back 36 True

front 37 In situations in which there is an extreme change of blood pressure (e.g., mean arterial pressure of less than 80 mm Hg), extrinsic controls take precedence over intrinsic blood pressure controls. True False	back 37 True
front 38 Which of the following homeostatic imbalances is indicative that glomerular blood pressure may be too low to cause filtration? renal ptosis pyelitis hydronephrosis anuria	back 38 anuria
front 39 The reason glucose is detected in the urine of individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is that __________. glucose is secreted in the collecting ducts of diabetics glucose is too large to be filtered by the nephron the transport maximum for glucose reabsorption has been exceeded glucose cannot be reabsorbed by the kidney	back 39 the transport maximum for glucose reabsorption has been exceeded
front 40 Water can leave the ascending limb of the nephron loop. True False	back 40 False

front 41 Tubular secretion is important for all EXCEPT which of the following? disposing of substances, such as certain drugs eliminating undesirable substances or end products that have been reabsorbed by passive processes controlling blood pH ridding the body of excess glucose	back 41 ridding the body of excess glucose
front 42 The descending limb of the nephron loop is relatively impermeable to solutes and freely permeable to water. True False	back 42 True
front 43 Alcohol and many drugs prescribed for hypertension are examples of diuretics. True False	back 43 True
front 44 Which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of freshly voided urine in a healthy person? It is slightly basic in pH. It is slightly aromatic. It is clear and pale to deep yellow. A given volume of urine has a greater specific gravity than the same volume of distilled water.	back 44 It is slightly basic in pH.

front 45 The urethra has two functions in men but only one in women. True False	back 45 True
front 46 Which of the following is NOT one of the most common causes of incontinence in adults? physical pressure during pregnancy emotional problems nervous system problems a side effect after general anesthesia	back 46 a side effect after general anesthesia