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Anatomy and Phisiology II Final Exam

front 1

The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because ________.

back 1

it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release

front 2

Which of the following is/are a part of the external ear?

back 2

Auricle

front 3

The cells found within the parathyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone are called _______.

back 3

chief cells

front 4

There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves?

back 4

ganglion cells

front 5

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances results from hyposecretion of growth hormone?

back 5

Pituitary dwarfism

front 6

Which of the following is true about light and vision?

back 6

When we see the color of an object, all light is being absorbed by that object except for the color being experienced.

front 7

The oil component found in tears is produced by the ________.

back 7

tarsal glands

front 8

Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.

back 8

cochlea

front 9

Ceruminous glands are ________.

back 9

modified apocrine sweat glands

front 10

Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear?

back 10

pharyngotympanic tube

front 11

What prevents the eyelids from sticking together when the eyes close?

back 11

tarsal gland secretions

front 12

ADH ________.

back 12

is inhibited by alcohol

front 13

Dim light and peripheral vision receptors are called:

back 13

Rods

front 14

Place the following events in the order in which they occur during sound transmission:

1.Tympanic membrane vibrates
2.Internal ear fluids are set in motion
3.Hearing receptors are stimulated
4.Ossicles of the ear vibrate
5.Auditory cortex is stimulated

back 14

1,4,2,3,5

front 15

Visible light fits between ________.

back 15

UV and infrared

front 16

Which of the following occurs within a negative feedback system?

back 16

Target organ effects inhibit further hormone release.

front 17

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?

back 17

iris

front 18

Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ________.

back 18

eye

front 19

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.

back 19

the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ

front 20

Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system.

back 20

False

front 21

Farsightedness is more properly called ________.

back 21

hyperopia

front 22

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.

back 22

Hormones

front 23

Any given hormone will influence the activity of ___________.

back 23

its target cells

front 24

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________.

back 24

first enter into the hypophyseal portal system

front 25

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.

back 25

Thymus Gland

front 26

Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ?

back 26

Hypothalamus

front 27

As blood levels of ___________ rise, the expulsive contractions of labor gain momentum and finally end in birth.

back 27

oxytocin

front 28

As we age:

back 28

the ability to detect high-pitched sounds diminishes.

front 29

The blind spot of the eye is where ________.

back 29

the optic nerve leaves the eye

front 30

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

back 30

Adenoid gland

front 31

Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.

back 31

cochlea

front 32

Match the following:

Question

The structure most responsible for focusing light rays that enter the eye.

The sensory layer of the eye.

Helps maintain the intraocular pressure; located in the anterior part of the eye.

Area of greatest visual acuity.

back 32

Answer:

A.
Lens

B.
Retina

D.
Aqueous humor

C.
Fovea centralis

front 33

Which of the following hormones stimulates gamete (sperm or egg) production?

back 33

Follicle-stimulating hormone

front 34

Which of the following stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide?

back 34

Growth hormone

front 35

A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.

back 35

FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.

front 36

Light passes through the following structures in which order?

back 36

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

front 37

Steroids are synthesized from:

back 37

cholesterol.

front 38

When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called _____.

back 38

antagonism

front 39

Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest:

back 39

Half-Life

front 40

What is the main function of the rods in the eye?

back 40

vision in dim light

front 41

Olfactory receptor cells are neurons that undergo noticeable turnover throughout adult life.

back 41

True

front 42

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?

back 42

iris

front 43

The major targets of growth hormone are ________.

back 43

bones and skeletal muscles

front 44

As we age:

back 44

the ability to detect high-pitched sounds diminishes.

front 45

Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.

back 45

entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

front 46

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.

back 46

True

front 47

With age, chronic stress increases blood levels of cortisol and appears to contribute to memory deterioration.

back 47

True

front 48

Nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye ________.

back 48

cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma

front 49

Which of the following is not one of the three major types of stimuli to trigger endocrine glands to manufacture and release their hormones?

back 49

endocrinal stimuli

front 50

The ______ is not a part of the vascular layer of the eye.

back 50

sclera

front 51

ACTH ________.

back 51

secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion

front 52

The endocrine gland that is probably malfunctioning if a person has a high metabolic rate is the parathyroid.

back 52

False

front 53

In the visual pathways to the brain, the optic radiations project to the ________.

back 53

primary visual cortex

front 54

Which of the follow types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life?

back 54

olfactory receptor cells

front 55

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________.

back 55

has no blood supply

front 56

Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ________.

back 56

substances in solution

front 57

The receptor for static equilibrium is the ________.

back 57

macula