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Microbiology Fall 2016 Study Guide Lab Exam 1

front 1

What are the standard things you do upon arriving to class each day, before the activity starts?

back 1

decontaminate work surface with disinfectant

front 2

what are some of the standard things you do before leaving class each day?

back 2

decontaminate work surface with disinfectant

front 3

what needs to be written on each plate or test tube?

back 3

your name, name of organism, and date it was innoculated

front 4

where do we dispose of broken glass and old prepared slides?

back 4

broken glass container

front 5

where do we dispose of old Petri plates?

back 5

autoclaveable containers: Sharps container or orange biohazard bag

front 6

What are some of the objects that are regularly flamed to avoid contamination with unwanted bacteria?

back 6

inoculating loop and top of glass tube

front 7

what is the power of the ocular lens?

back 7

10x

front 8

what is the power of the four objective lenses on our microscope?

back 8

4x, 10x, 40x, 100x

front 9

what is the equation to calculate total magnification?

back 9

ocular lens x objective lense

front 10

what is the purpose of immersion oil

back 10

to increase the resolving power of a microscope

front 11

which objective lens requires immersion oil?

back 11

100x

front 12

why do we go through the effort of fusing the bacteria of the smear.

back 12

to kill the bacteria and to make sure it sticks to the slide, so when we stain, it's there

front 13

what are the three things we flamed during the preparation of smear

back 13

inoculating loop, top of test tube, and slide to heat fix

front 14

why to we flame these objects?

back 14

to avoid contamination and to make sure the bacteria stick to the slide

front 15

what is a wet mount?

back 15

organism on a slide in a drop of liquid, organism is still alive, requires coverslip

front 16

what is the advantage of using a wet mount instead of a smear?

back 16

the organisms are alive

front 17

why do we stain microorganisms?

back 17

some are transparent; to be able to see them in contrast

front 18

how is a simple stain different from a differential stain?

back 18

simple stains color the everything on the slide, differential stains color only certain types of cells

front 19

what are the names of the two simple stains we used in our lab?

back 19

safranin and methylene blue

front 20

when are simple stains used in differential staining protocol?

back 20

as a counterstain

front 21

what are the four basic steps of a differential stain?

back 21

  1. primary stain
  2. mordant
  3. decolorizer
  4. counterstain

front 22

For gram staining what is the primary stain ?

back 22

crystal violet

front 23

For gram staining what is the mordant

back 23

gram's iodine

front 24

For gram staining what is the decolorizer?

back 24

acetone or alcohol

front 25

For gram staining what is the counterstain?

back 25

safranin

front 26

For gram staining which of the chemicals used in the staining procedure that we did in lab does not match the lab book?

back 26

alcohol/acetone

front 27

what color is gram positive cells at the end of the stain?

back 27

purple

front 28

what color is the gram negative cells at the end of the stain?

back 28

pink

front 29

what is the structural difference between gram - and gram + cells?

back 29

gram - has two plasma membrane and one thin cell wall

gram + have a thick cell wall

front 30

what shape and color is the bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus

back 30

cocci, purple

front 31

what shape and color is the bacteria of Bacillus brevis

back 31

bacili, purple

front 32

what shape and color is the bacteria of Escherichia coli

back 32

bacili, pink

front 33

back 33

Gram + and Gram - staining

front 34

For spore staining, what is the primary stain?

back 34

malachite green

front 35

For spore staining, what is the mordant

back 35

steam

front 36

For spore staining, what is the decolorizer?

back 36

water

front 37

For spore staining, what was the counterstain ?

back 37

safranin

front 38

For spore staining, what are the two general of common spore formers?

back 38

Bacillus and Clostridium

front 39

Where do spore-forming bacteria commonly grow?

back 39

survive environmental conditions that are not favorable

front 40

what color are the endospore at the end of the stain?

back 40

green

front 41

back 41

Spore staining

front 42

why do bacteria form endospore?

back 42

spore are produced when conditions become unfavorable

front 43

what appear pink at the end of the spore stain?

back 43

the vegetative cells

front 44

For acid-fast staining what is the primary stain ?

back 44

basic fuchsin

front 45

For acid-fast staining what is the mordant

back 45

steam

front 46

For acid-fast staining what is the decolorizer?

back 46

acid alcohol

front 47

For acid-fast staining what is the counterstain?

back 47

methylene blue

front 48

For acid-fast staining what chemical was used for the primary stain in our lab ?

back 48

carbol fuchsin

front 49

What color are the acid fast positive cells at the end of the stain?

back 49

metallic shiny red

front 50

what is the genus of the organism that was used as a acid-fast negative control?

back 50

Staphylococcus

front 51

back 51

Acid-fast staining

front 52

For capsule staining how is the basis of a negative stain different from the other staining protocols ?

back 52

The background is dark and the cells are clear.

front 53

how is the fixing step for the capsule stain different from the other staining protocols that we performed so far in lab?

back 53

it is chemically fixed with acid alcohol. and not heat fixed

front 54

For capsule staining what is the primary stain?

back 54

congo red stain

front 55

For capsule staining what is the purpose of acid alcohol?

back 55

fixing the smear on the slide

front 56

For capsule staining what is the secondary stain ?

back 56

carbol fuchsin

front 57

For capsule staining what is the genus of the organism that was used in class for this stain?

back 57

Klebsiella

front 58

For capsule staining what color is the capsule at the end of the procedure?

back 58

mostly clear or colorless

front 59

For capsule staining what color is the background?

back 59

purple/grey/red

front 60

how does the presence of a capsule affect the pathogenicity of a bacterium?

back 60

the capsule shield from immune response

front 61

back 61

Capsule Staining