front 1 Define cell. | back 1 The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. |
front 2 When a cell is not dividing, the DNA is loosely spread throughout the nucleus in a threadlike form called: a. chromatin b. chromosomes c. cytosol d. ribosomes | back 2 a. chromatin |
front 3 The plasma membrane not only provides a protective boundary for the cell but also determines which substrates enter or exit the cell. We call this characteristic: a. diffusion b. membrane potential c. osmosis d. selective permeability | back 3 d. selective permeability |
front 4 Proteins are assembled on these organelles. | back 4 ribosomes |
front 5 Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP that the cell needs, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the: a. centrioles b. lysosomes c. mitochondria d. ribosomes | back 5 c. mitochondria |
front 6 Choose the correct term: During cytokinesis/interphase the cell grows and performs its usual activities. | back 6 interphase |
front 7 True/False: The end product of mitosis is four genetically identical daughter nuclei. | back 7 False. |
front 8 How many stages of mitosis are there? | back 8 4: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
front 9 DNA replication occurs during: a. cytokinesis b. interphase c. metaphase d. prophase | back 9 b. interphase |
front 10 True/False: All animal cells have a cell wall. | back 10 False. All animal cells have a cell membrane. Bacteria and plants have cell walls. |
front 11 Define organelle. | back 11 "small organ" Structures in the cytoplasm responsible for specific functions within the cell related to metabolism. |
front 12 Define cell. | back 12 The structural and functional unit of all living things. |
front 13 Cells have differences that reflect their specific functions in the body, but what functions do they have in common? | back 13 maintain boundaries metabolize digest nutrients eliminate waste grow reproduce respond to stimulus move |
front 14 Identify the following cell structure: external boundary of cell; regulates flow of materials into and out of the cell; site of cell signalling. | back 14 plasma membrane |
front 15 Identify the following cell structure: contains digestive enzymes of many varieties; "suicide sac" of the cell | back 15 lysosomes |
front 16 Identify the following cell structure: scattered throughout the cell, major site of ATP synthesis | back 16 mitochondria |
front 17 Identify the following cell structure: slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area | back 17 microvilli |
front 18 Identify the following cell structure: stored glycogen granules, crystals, pigments; present in some cell types | back 18 inclusions |
front 19 Identify the following cell structure: membranous system consisting of flattened sacs and vesicles; packages proteins for export | back 19 Golgi apparatus |
front 20 Identify the following cell structure: control center for the cell; necessary for ell division and cell life | back 20 nucleus |
front 21 Identify the following cell structure: two rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus; associated with the formation of the mitotic spindle | back 21 centrioles |
front 22 Identify the following cell structure: dense nuclear body; packaging site for ribosomes | back 22 nucleolous |
front 23 Identify the following cell structure: contractile elements of the cytoskeleton | back 23 microfilaments |
front 24 Identify the following cell structure: membranous tubules covered with ribosomes; involved with intracellular transport of proteins | back 24 rough endoplasmic reticulum |
front 25 Identify the following cell structure: attached to membrane systems or scattered through cytoplasm; site of protein synthesis | back 25 ribosomes |
front 26 Identify the following cell structure: threadlike structures in nucleus; contain genetic material (DNA) | back 26 chromatin |
front 27 Identify the following cell structure: site of free radical detoxification | back 27 peroxisomes |
front 28 For the following cell type, name one important structural characteristic observed in the laboratory and the function that structure complements or ensures. squamous epithelium | back 28 tightly fitted, flattened cells; filtration and diffusion |
front 29 For the following cell type, name one important structural characteristic observed in the laboratory and the function that structure complements or ensures. sperm | back 29 long flagellum; motility |
front 30 For the following cell type, name one important structural characteristic observed in the laboratory and the function that structure complements or ensures. smooth muscle | back 30 elongated spindle shape; allows contractility |
front 31 For the following cell type, name one important structural characteristic observed in the laboratory and the function that structure complements or ensures. red blood cells | back 31 small, biconcave shape; allows maneuvering through small blood vessels. |
front 32 What is the consequence of the red blood cell being anucleate (without a nucleus)? | back 32 Red blood cells are unable to reproduce as they lack a nucleus. |
front 33 Did red blood cells ever have a nucleus? If so, when? | back 33 Red blood cells have a nucleus when first made in the red bone marrow. Mature red blood cells have no nucleus. |
front 34 Of the four cells observed microscopically, which has the smallest diameter? Which has the longest? | back 34 sperm (if not including the flagellum) about 5 um. The flagellum is about 50 um. Otherwise, the red blood cell is about 6-8 um. The longest (if excluding the sperm's flagellum) is the muscle cell, which is 10-50 um. |
front 35 What is the function of mitotic cell division? | back 35 To maintain genetic makeup while creating new cells for growth and repair. |
front 36 Division of the _______ is referred to as mitosis. | back 36 cell |
front 37 Cytokinesis is the division of the ________. | back 37 cytoplasm |
front 38 The major structural difference between chromatin and chromosomes is that the latter are _________. | back 38 condensed/bar-like |
front 39 Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers by undivided structures called _______. | back 39 centromere |
front 40 If a cell undergoes mitosis but not cytokinesis, the product is a _____. | back 40 binucleate cell |
front 41 The structure that acts as a scaffolding for chromosomal attachment and movement is called the _____. | back 41 spindle |
front 42 _______ is the period of cell life when the cell is not involved in division. | back 42 Interphase |
front 43 Three cell populations in the body that do not routinely undergo cell division are ______, ______, and ______. | back 43 skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and neurons |
front 44 During which cellular phase does the following occur? Chromatin coils and condenses, forming chromosomes. | back 44 prophase |
front 45 During which cellular phase does the following occur? The chromosomes are V shaped. | back 45 anaphase |
front 46 During which cellular phase does the following occur? The nuclear envelope re-forms. | back 46 telophase |
front 47 During which cellular phase does the following occur? Chromosomes stop moving toward the poles. | back 47 telophase |
front 48 During which cellular phase does the following occur? Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. | back 48 metaphase |
front 49 During which cellular phase does the following occur? The nuclear envelope fragments | back 49 prophase |
front 50 During which cellular phase does the following occur? The mitotic spindle forms. | back 50 prophase |
front 51 During which cellular phase does the following occur? DNA replications occurs. | back 51 interphase - S |
front 52 During which cellular phase does the following occur? Centrioles replicate | back 52 interphase - G1 |
front 53 During which cellular phase does the following occur? Chromosomes first appear to be duplex structures. | back 53 prophase |
front 54 During which cellular phase does the following occur? Cleavage furrow forms. | back 54 telophase |
front 55 During which cellular phases does the following occur? The nuclear envelope is completely absent. | back 55 metaphase and anaphase. |
front 56 What is the physical advantage of the chromatin coiling and condensing to form short chromosomes at the onset of mitosis. | back 56 It prevents DNA from breaking and tangling during mitosis, which prevents inaccurate replication. |