Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, Cat Version: Chapter 4: The Cell: Anatomy and Division Flashcards

Define cell.

When a cell is not dividing, the DNA is loosely spread throughout the nucleus in a threadlike form called:

a. chromatin

b. chromosomes

c. cytosol

d. ribosomes

The plasma membrane not only provides a protective boundary for the cell but also determines which substrates enter or exit the cell. We call this characteristic:

a. diffusion

b. membrane potential

c. osmosis

d. selective permeability

Proteins are assembled on these organelles.

Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP that the cell needs, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the:

a. centrioles

b. lysosomes

c. mitochondria

d. ribosomes

Choose the correct term:

During cytokinesis/interphase the cell grows and performs its usual activities.

True/False:

The end product of mitosis is four genetically identical daughter nuclei.

How many stages of mitosis are there?

DNA replication occurs during:

a. cytokinesis

b. interphase

c. metaphase

d. prophase

True/False:

All animal cells have a cell wall.

Define organelle.

Define cell.

Cells have differences that reflect their specific functions in the body, but what functions do they have in common?

Identify the following cell structure:

external boundary of cell; regulates flow of materials into and out of the cell; site of cell signalling.

Identify the following cell structure:

contains digestive enzymes of many varieties; "suicide sac" of the cell

Identify the following cell structure:

scattered throughout the cell, major site of ATP synthesis

Identify the following cell structure:

slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area

Identify the following cell structure:

stored glycogen granules, crystals, pigments; present in some cell types

Identify the following cell structure:

membranous system consisting of flattened sacs and vesicles; packages proteins for export

Identify the following cell structure:

control center for the cell; necessary for ell division and cell life

Identify the following cell structure:

two rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus; associated with the formation of the mitotic spindle

Identify the following cell structure:

dense nuclear body; packaging site for ribosomes

Identify the following cell structure:

contractile elements of the cytoskeleton

Identify the following cell structure:

membranous tubules covered with ribosomes; involved with intracellular transport of proteins

Identify the following cell structure:

attached to membrane systems or scattered through cytoplasm; site of protein synthesis

Identify the following cell structure:

threadlike structures in nucleus; contain genetic material (DNA)

Identify the following cell structure:

site of free radical detoxification

For the following cell type, name one important structural characteristic observed in the laboratory and the function that structure complements or ensures.

squamous epithelium

For the following cell type, name one important structural characteristic observed in the laboratory and the function that structure complements or ensures.

sperm

For the following cell type, name one important structural characteristic observed in the laboratory and the function that structure complements or ensures.

smooth muscle

For the following cell type, name one important structural characteristic observed in the laboratory and the function that structure complements or ensures.

red blood cells

What is the consequence of the red blood cell being anucleate (without a nucleus)?

Did red blood cells ever have a nucleus? If so, when?

Of the four cells observed microscopically, which has the smallest diameter? Which has the longest?

What is the function of mitotic cell division?

Division of the _______ is referred to as mitosis.

Cytokinesis is the division of the ________.

The major structural difference between chromatin and chromosomes is that the latter are _________.

Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers by undivided structures called _______.

If a cell undergoes mitosis but not cytokinesis, the product is a _____.

The structure that acts as a scaffolding for chromosomal attachment and movement is called the _____.

_______ is the period of cell life when the cell is not involved in division.

Three cell populations in the body that do not routinely undergo cell division are ______, ______, and ______.

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

Chromatin coils and condenses, forming chromosomes.

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

The chromosomes are V shaped.

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

The nuclear envelope re-forms.

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

Chromosomes stop moving toward the poles.

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

The nuclear envelope fragments

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

The mitotic spindle forms.

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

DNA replications occurs.

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

Centrioles replicate

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

Chromosomes first appear to be duplex structures.

During which cellular phase does the following occur?

Cleavage furrow forms.

During which cellular phases does the following occur?

The nuclear envelope is completely absent.

What is the physical advantage of the chromatin coiling and condensing to form short chromosomes at the onset of mitosis.