front 1 Select the structures below that are found in all bacterial cells:
| back 1 Ribosomes |
front 2 Indicate the bacterial structures that are likely to be antigens, to
which host antibodies bind, marking the invader for phagocytosis | back 2 Capsule |
front 3 Identify antibacterial strategies that would likely be selectively
toxic for bacteria. | back 3 -inhibition of fimbriae synthesis |
front 4 A strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae is no longer able to synthesize
its capsular polysaccharide. What is a likely outcome? | back 4 It will be readily phagocytized upon entering the host |
front 5 A strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been genetically altered and
can no longer produce fimbriae. What is a likely outcome? | back 5 It will be unable to adhere to host tissue and establish infection |
front 6 Life can arise spontaneously from living matter is an example of what? Spontaneous generation Biogenisis | back 6 Spontaneous generation |
front 7 Microorganisms present in nonliving matter can lead to new microorganisms Spontaneous generation Biogenisis | back 7 Biogenesis |
front 8 Life can arise as a result of microorganisms present in nonliving matter Spontaneous generation Biogenisis | back 8 biogenesis |
front 9 Living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells Spontaneous generation Biogenisis | back 9 biogensis |
front 10 Living cells can arise from nonliving matter under favorable conditions Spontaneous generation Biogenisis | back 10 spontaneous generation |
front 11 Vital forces in nonliving matter can lead to new life Spontaneous generation Biogenisis | back 11 spontaneous generation |
front 12 Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. What was beef broth used for | back 12 Provided a nutritious environment to support microbial growth. |
front 13 Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. Bunsen burner (flame) | back 13 Provided heat that destroyed microorganisms already present in the beef broth |
front 14 Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. Flask with S-shaped neck | back 14 Provided the physical conditions for trapping airborne contaminants and preventing microorganisms from entering the flask |
front 15 Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. Air. | back 15 Provided a source of potential external microbial contaninants |
front 16 Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from Pasteur’s experiment involving the flasks with S-shaped necks?Select all statements that apply. *Microbial life can be destroyed by heat. | back 16 Microbial life can be destroyed by heat. Microorganisms can be present in nonliving matter, such as air, liquids, and solids. Pasteur’s observations support the theory of biogenesis. Microbes can be blocked from accessing favorable growth environments. |
front 17 Pasteur’s experiments and observations provided the basis for developing aseptic techniques that prevent the introduction of unwanted microorganisms into controlled environments. Given what you have learned from the design of Pasteur’s experiment, which of the following scenarios would be considered an aseptic technique?Select all statements that apply. *using a Bunsen burner (flame) to heat a wire inoculating loop
prior to use | back 17 using a Bunsen burner (flame) to heat a wire inoculating loop prior to use wearing gloves when handling sterile laboratory equipment taking steps to prevent contaminants from entering sterile solutions |
front 18 Name two characteristics of bacteria | back 18 Have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan Derive nutrition from organic or inorganic sources or conduct photosynthesis |
front 19 Archea (name two characteristics) | back 19 Found in extreme environments Not typically associated with human disease |
front 20 Fungi (two characteristics) | back 20 Can be unicellular or multicellular Eukaryotic |
front 21 Viruses (name two characteristics) | back 21 Cannot survive outside a host cell Can be seen only with an electron microscope |
front 22 One of the first set of experiments to refute spontaneous generation was done in 1688 by Francesco Redi. Which of the following statements regarding Francesco Redi’s experiments is true? *He determined that material from an infectious agent taken from one person could be used to stimulate immunity in another person. *His experiments demonstrated that oxygen is essential to all life. *His experiments determined a series of conditions that must be satisfied in determining the causative agent of disease. *The results of his experiment demonstrated that living organisms are derived from other living organisms. | back 22 The results of his experiment demonstrated that living organisms are derived from other living organisms. |
front 23 In 1861, Pasteur conducted his now-famous experiments using flasks with long necks bent into an S-shape. Imagine that you are a scientist working in Pasteur’s lab at this time. You decide to tip the flasks so that broth enters the long S-shaped neck. You then return the flask to its upright position. Predict the most likely outcome of tipping one of Pasteur’s S-necked flasks. *The broth would remain uncontaminated because no microbes could enter the long S-shaped neck of the flask. *The broth would become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck. *Since the broth had been heated (effectively sterilizing it), no microbes would grow in the broth. *Microbes would grow in the broth because the tipping would introduce the oxygen necessary for microbial growth. | back 23 The broth would become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck. |
front 24 S. aureus has been isolated from George’s infected wound. To satisfy Koch’s postulates, what would George’s doctor need to do with the isolated S. aureus? *Inject the S. aureus strain into an animal and see whether it develops the same type of infection that George has. *Inject the S. aureus into an animal, observe whether the animal gets an infection similar to George’s, and isolate the same strain of S. aureus from the infection. *Compare the DNA sequence of the strain of S. aureus isolated from George to other S. aureus strains to see whether it has been isolated from other similar infections. *Inject the S. aureus into an animal; if the animal develops the same infection, isolate the infectious material from the animal and test its ability to vaccinate another animal. | back 24 Inject the S. aureus into an animal, observe whether the animal gets an infection similar to George’s, and isolate the same strain of S. aureus from the infection. |
front 25 Which of the following are limitations of antibiotics?Select all that apply. *Treatment with antibiotics can lead to the emergence of resistant strains. *Antibiotics may be toxic. *Antibiotics are not effective in treating viral infections. *Mass production of antibiotics is extremely difficult. *The cost of producing antibiotics is high, which in turn leads to higher prices for consumers. | back 25 Treatment with antibiotics can lead to the emergence of resistant strains. Antibiotics may be toxic. Antibiotics are not effective in treating viral infections. |
front 26 Further characterization of the S. aureus isolated from George’s wound reveals that the strain is MRSA. Why is George’s doctor concerned that MRSA has been identified as the causative agent of George’s infection? *There are no effective antibiotic options for treating MRSA. *The available treatment options are quite aggressive, including removal of damaged tissue in an effort to contain the infection. *MRSA is transmissible. *MRSA is not typically associated with the type of infection that George has. | back 26 MRSA is transmissible. |
front 27 Pick the area of biology that studies DNA and chromosomes. molecular biology genealogy genetics biochemistry | back 27 Genetics |
front 28 Pick step that does NOT follow the postulates. *A mouse that was exposed to a potential viral pathogen has died and you are able to isolate the virus from the liver of the mouse. *You give a patient an antibiotic to treat an infection. *You are able to isolate a pathogenic bacterium from someone with a new type of pharyngitis. *You collect a throat swab from a family member who has also become sick. | back 28 You give a patient an antibiotic to treat an infection. |
front 29 The current system of nomenclature for organisms was established by: a.Pasteur. b.Jenner. c.Linnaeus. d.Koch. | back 29 Linnaeus . |
front 30 Scientific nomenclature assigns each organism two names: the genus and the a.kingdom. b.specific epithet. c.family. d.class. | back 30 Specific epithet |
front 31 Archaea, often found in extreme environments, are divided into a.two main groups. b.three main groups. c.four main groups. d.five main groups. | back 31 Three main groups |
front 32 In 1978, Carl Woese devised a system ofclassification that groups organisms into the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and a.Animalia. b.Eukaryotes. c.Eukarya. d.Protozoa. | back 32 Eukarya |
front 33 Eukarya includes ALL of the following EXCEPT a.viruses. b.protists. c.fungi. d.plants. | back 33 Viruses |
front 34 Robert Koch a.invented the microscope. b.discovered penicillin. c.proved that bacteria can cause disease. d.observed the first cells. | back 34 Proved that bacteria can cause disease |
front 35 Who discovered a chemotherapeutic agent against syphilis? a.Jenner b.Pasteur c.Koch d.Ehrlich | back 35 Ehrlich |
front 36 Robert Koch developed his postulates while identifying the cause of which disease? a.syphilis b.anthrax c.yellow fever d.tetanus | back 36 anthrax |
front 37 Fleming a.disproved spontaneous generation. b.discovered penicillin. c.discovered phagocytosis. d.developed the theory of immunity. | back 37 Discovered penicillin |
front 38 Pasteur a.discovered the cause of fermentation. b.discovered penicillin. c.discovered phagocytosis. d.developed aseptic surgery. | back 38 Discovered the cause of fermentation. |
front 39 Lister is associated with a.fermentation. b.vaccination. c.aseptic surgery. d.the cell theory. | back 39 Aseptic surgery |
front 40 Jenner is associated with a.fermentation. b.vaccination. c.aseptic surgery. d.the cell theory. | back 40 Vaccination |
front 41 The process of using just enough heat to kill bacteria that cause spoilage was developed by a.Pasteur. b.Ehrlich. c.Lister. d.Koch. | back 41 Pasteur |
front 42 Salvarsan was developed by a.Ehrlich. b.Fleming. c.Weizmann. d.Needham. | back 42 Erlich |
front 43 Cryptosporidiosis, which can be transmitted in a public water supply, is caused by a a.virus. b.prion. c.protozoan. d.bacterium. | back 43 Protozoan |
front 44 HIV destroys which type of immune cells? a.neutrophils b.CD4+ T cells c.B cells d.CD8+ T cells | back 44 CD4+ T cells |
front 45 ALL of the following are natural human defenses against disease EXCEPT a.interferon. b.penicillin. c.skin. d.mucous membranes. | back 45 Penicillin |
front 46 Human disease caused by a prion is known as a.MRSA. b.Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. c.SARS. d.West Nile encephalitis. | back 46 Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease |
front 47 An example of a hemorrhagic fever virus is a.Marburg virus. b.human immunodeficiency virus. c.avian influenza virus. d.West Nile virus. | back 47 Marburg virus |
front 48 Bacillus thuringiensis is used a.to treat sewage. b.in bioremediation. c.as a natural insecticide. d.to recycle vital elements. | back 48 A natural insecticide |
front 49 Bioremediation is the use of microbes a.to clean up pollutants and toxic wastes. b.in recycling vital elements. c.to treat sewage. d.in food production. | back 49 To clean up pollutants and toxic wastes |
front 50 Biotechnology can best be defined as using living organisms to a.clean up pollution. b.develop useful products. c.treat sewage. d.control pests. | back 50 Develop useful products |
front 51 Gene therapy can be used to treat a.cystic fibrosis. b.diphtheria. c.polio. d.avian influenza A. | back 51 Cystic fibrosis |
front 52 ONLY bacteria can convert which element into a form that is available to plants and animals? a.carbon b.oxygen c.nitrogen d.hydrogen | back 52 nitrogen |
front 53 Who challenged the case for spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis? a.Pasteur b.Virchow c.Redi d.Needham | back 53 Virchow |
front 54 What is the function of the diaphragm on a compound microscope? a.magnifies the specimen b.focuses light through the specimen c.holds the microscope slide in position d.controls the amount of light entering the condenser | back 54 controls the amount of light entering the condenser |
front 55 The ocular lens is used a.to remagnify the image formed by the objective lens. b.as the primary lens to magnify the specimen. c.to increase the light. d.to decrease the refractive index. | back 55 to remagnify the image formed by the objective lens. |
front 56 The measure of the light-bending ability of a medium is the a.illumination. b.magnification. c.refractive index. d.resolution. | back 56 Refractive index |
front 57 MOST ocular lenses magnify specimens by a factor of a.10. b.100. c.1000. d.2000. | back 57 10 |
front 58 The ability of the lenses to distinguish fine detail and structure is called a.illumination. b.magnification. c.refractive index. d.resolution. | back 58 Resolution |
front 59 Which microscope uses an opaque disk to block light that would enter the objective lens directly? a.fluorescence microscope b.phase-contrast microscope c.darkfield microscope d.confocal microscope | back 59 Darkfield microscope |
front 60 Which microscope uses an ultraviolet light source? a.fluorescence microscope b.phase-contrast microscope c.darkfield microscope d.confocal microscope | back 60 Fluorescence microscope |
front 61 Which microscope illuminates specimens with blue light and produces three-dimensional images? a.fluorescence microscope b.phase-contrast microscope c.darkfield microscope d.confocal microscope | back 61 Confocal microscope |
front 62 Which microscope forms an image from two sets of light rays, one from the light source and the other diffracted from a structure in the specimen? a.fluorescence microscope b.phase-contrast microscope c.darkfield microscope d.confocal microscope | back 62 Phase-contrast microscope |
front 63 What microscope uses a metal and diamond probe to produce a three-dimensional image? a.atomic force microscope b.darkfield microscope c.phase-contrast microscope d.transmission electron microscope | back 63 atomic force microscope |
front 64 Which microscope is especially useful in studying the surface structures of intact cells and viruses? a.transmission electron microscope b.scanning electron microscope c.phase-contrast microscope d.darkfield microscope | back 64 scanning electron microscope |
front 65 In transmission electron microscopy, the specimen is placed on a a.copper mesh grid. b.glass slide. c.plastic slide. d.magnesium mesh grid. | back 65 Copper mesh grid |
front 66 Which microscope is extremely valuable for examining different layers of specimens and often involves the use of shadow casting? a.transmission electron microscope b.scanning electron microscope c.phase-contrast microscope d.darkfield microscope | back 66 Transmission electron microscope |
front 67 With a scanning electron microscope, objects are generally magnified a.100 to 100,000x. b.100 to 10,000x. c.1000 to 100,000x. d.1000 to 10,000x. | back 67 100 to 10,000X |
front 68 With a transmission electron microscope, objects are generally magnified a.1000 to 100,000x. b.1000 to 10,000x. c.10,000 to 1,000,000x. d.10,000 to 100,000x. | back 68 10,000 to 1,000,000x |
front 69 Before microorganisms are stained, MOST appear ________ when viewed with brightfield microscopy. a.golden b.green c.colorless d.hollow | back 69 colorless |
front 70 The chromophore of basic dyes is a ________ and is ________ to MOST types of bacteria. a.cation; attracted b.anion; attracted c.cation; not attracted d.anion; not attracted | back 70 cation; attracted |
front 71 Which one of the following is NOT a kind of staining technique? a.simple b.differential c.special d.selective | back 71 Selective |
front 72 The process of fixing a slide attaches the microorganisms while simultaneously a.illuminating the organisms. b.staining the organisms. c.killing the organisms. d.magnifying the organisms. | back 72 Killing the organisms |
front 73 In 1978, Carl Woese devised a system of classification that groups organisms into the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and a.Animalia. b.Eukaryotes. c.Eukarya. d.Protozoa. | back 73 Eukarya |
front 74 What is the mordant in the Gram stain? a.iodine b.safranin c.alcohol-acetone d.crystal violet | back 74 iodine |
front 75 Flagella are stained with a.carbolfuchsin. b.malachite green. c.methylene blue. d.crystal violet. | back 75 Carbolfuchsin |
front 76 Capsules are stained using a(n) a.negative stain. b.Gram stain. c.Schaeffer-Fulton stain. d.acid-fast stain. | back 76 negative stain |
front 77 Endospores are stained using a(n) a.negative stain. b.Gram stain. c.Schaeffer-Fulton stain. d.acid-fast stain. | back 77 Schaeffer-Fulton stain |
front 78 What color are gram-negative bacteria at the completion of the Gram staining process? a.pink b.purple c.colorless d.brown | back 78 Pink |
front 79 The appearance of Mycobacterium leprae after they are stained with an acid-fast stain is a.purple. b.red. c.colorless. d.brown. | back 79 Red |
front 80 Bacteria that divide in multiple planes and form grapelike clusters are called a.streptococci. b.staphylococci. c.coccobacilli. d.vibrios. | back 80 Stphylococci |
front 81 Bacteria divide by a.binary fission. b.spore formation. c.mitosis. d.budding. | back 81 Binary fission |
front 82 Which of the following statements is TRUE for prokaryotes? a.They generally lack organelles. b.Their DNA is associated with histones. c.Their cell walls are chemically simple. d.Their DNA is enclosed in an internal membrane. | back 82 They generally lack organelles |
front 83 How long are MOST bacteria? a.0.2 to 2.0 µm b.1.0 to 4.0 µm c.2.0 to 8.0 µm d.5.0 to 15.0 µm | back 83 2.0 to 8.0 µm |
front 84 The word Bacillus may refer to a.rod-shaped cells. b.spherical cells. c.a specific genus. d.rod-shaped cells and a specific genus. | back 84 Rod-shaped cells and a specific genus |
front 85 Some bacteria stain gram-positive and others stain gram-negative because of differences in the structure of their a.cell wall. b.capsule. c.cell membrane. d.endospore. | back 85 Cell wall |
front 86 The bacterial cell wall is composed of a.cellulose. b.glucan. c.chitin. d.peptidoglycan. | back 86 Peptidoglycan |
front 87 The cell walls of gram-positive bacteria contain a.mannan. b.teichoic acid. c.cellulose. d.chitin. | back 87 Teichoic acid |
front 88 The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains a.sterols. b.mycolic acid. c.teichoic acid. d.lipopolysaccharide. | back 88 lipopolysaccharide |
front 89 Acid-fast cell walls contain high concentrations of a.teichoic acid. b.peptidoglycan. c.pseudomurein. d.mycolic acid. | back 89 Mycolic acid |
front 90 A bacterium possessing a tuft of flagella at one end of its cell is called a.amphitrichous. b.lophotrichous. c.monotrichous. d.peritrichous. | back 90 Lophotrichous |
front 91 What structure protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis? a.capsule b.endospore c.flagellum d.axial filament | back 91 Capsule |
front 92 Spirochetes move by means of a.axial filaments. b.flagella. c.pili. d.fimbriae. | back 92 Axial filaments |
front 93 Which of the following is NOT a part of a flagellum? a.filament b.hook c.fimbriae d.basal body | back 93 fimbriae |
front 94 Proteins that distinguish among serovars of gram-negative bacteria are found in which structures? a.fimbriae b.pili c.flagella d.axial filaments | back 94 Flagella |
front 95 Molecules of extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria are known as a.Golgi complexes. b.lysosomes. c.plasmids. d.ribosomes. | back 95 Plasmids |
front 96 Inclusions of iron oxide in bacteria are found in structures known as a.gas vacuoles. b.magnetosomes. c.endospores. d.metachromatic granules. | back 96 Magnetosomes |
front 97 Which of the following structures allows a cell to survive adverse environmental conditions? a.capsule b.carboxysome c.endospore d.gas vacuole | back 97 Endospores |
front 98 Bacteria that divide in multiple planes and form grapelike clusters are called a.streptococci. b.staphylococci. c.coccobacilli. d.vibrios. | back 98 staphylococci |
front 99 Prokaryotic ribosomes are composed of two subunits of what sizes? a.20S + 50S b.30S + 40S c.30S + 50S d.40S + 60S | back 99 30S + 50S |
front 100 Which of the following contain 70S ribosomes? a.prokaryotes b.mitochondria c.mitochondria and chloroplasts d.prokaryotes, mitochondria, and | back 100 Prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts |
front 101 True or false: Most microorganisms are colorless unless they are photosynthetic | back 101 True |
front 102 The building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones is called a.catabolism. b.anabolism. c.photosynthesis. d.oxidation. | back 102 Anabolism |
front 103 Toxic hydrogen peroxide in some bacteria can be broken down into water and oxygen by the enzyme a.superoxide dismutase. b.peroxidase. c.hydroxylase. d.catalase. | back 103 Catalase |
front 104 Inhibitors that fill the enzyme's active site and compete with the normal substrate are a.noncompetitive. b.allosteric. c.competitive. d.ribosomal. | back 104 Competitive |
front 105 Enzymes increase the speed of a chemical reaction by a.lowering the energy of activation. b.increasing the energy of activation. c.changing the pH of the reaction. d.increasing the temperature of the reaction. | back 105 Lowering the energy of activation. |
front 106 Many apoenzymes are inactive by themselves and must be activated by a.cofactors and/or coenzymes. b.ATP. c.holoenzymes. d.substrates. | back 106 Cofactors and/or coenzymes |
front 107 The addition of phosphate to a chemical compound is called a.glycolysis. b.oxidation. c.reduction. d.phosphorylation. | back 107 Phosphorylation |
front 108 What process does the aerobic electron transport chain perform? a.glycolysis b.oxidative phosphorylation c.photophosphorylation d.substrate-level phosphorylation | back 108 Oxidative phosphrylation |
front 109 A molecule that undergoes reduction a.becomes phosphorylated. b.loses a hydrogen atom. c.gains one or more electrons. d.loses one or more electrons. | back 109 Gains one or more electrons |
front 110 The energy from catabolic reactions is used to produce a.ADP. b.ATP. c.AMP. d.phosphate. | back 110 ATP |
front 111 In which of the following is light energy converted to ATP, which is then used to synthesize organic molecules? a.photosynthesis b.Krebs cycle c.fermentation d.glycolysis | back 111 Photosynthesis |
front 112 In prokaryotes, how many ATP molecules are produced from the breakdown of one glucose via aerobic respiration? a.2 b.4 c.34 d.38 | back 112 38 |
front 113 The pentose phosphate pathway provides a means to break down glucose and a.five-carbon sugars. b.proteins. c.lipids. d.ATP. | back 113 Five-carbon sugars |
front 114 ________ use electrons from reduced inorganic compounds as a source of energy and CO2 as a source of carbon. a.Photoautotrophs b.Photoheterotrophs c.Chemoautotrophs d.Chemoheterotrophs | back 114 Chemoautotrophs |
front 115 In lipid biosynthesis, glycerol is derived from dihydroxyacetone phosphate formed during a.the Krebs cycle. b.glycolysis. c.the electron transport chain. d.the Calvin-Benson cycle. | back 115 Glycolysis |
front 116 If an amine group added to a precursor comes from a preexisting amino acid, the process is called a.beta-oxidation. b.amination. c.transamination. d.beta-reduction. | back 116 Transamination |
front 117 Metabolic pathways that function in BOTH anabolism and catabolism are called ________ pathways. a.intermediate b.reversible c.redox d.amphibolic | back 117 Amiphibolic |
front 118 In fermentation, a.the final electron acceptor is organic. b.a large amount of ATP is produced. c.oxygen is required. d.an electron transport chain is required. | back 118 The final electron acceptor is organic |
front 119 The optimum pH for MOST bacteria is near a.1. b.5. c.7. d.9. | back 119 7 |
front 120 A psychrophile has an optimal growth temperature of about a.15°C. b.25°C. c.37°C. d.100°C. | back 120 15 C |
front 121 Organisms that require high salt concentrations for growth are called a.thermophiles. b.obligate halophiles. c.acidophiles. d.anaerobes. | back 121 Obligate halphophiles |
front 122 What is/are the energy source(s) utilized by primary producers in the hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor? a.light b.hydrogen sulfide c.organic molecules d.carbon dioxide | back 122 Hydrogen sulfide |
front 123 Addition of salts preserves foods because they a.lower pH. b.increase osmotic pressure. c.create an isotonic environment. d.lower osmotic pressure. | back 123 Increase osmotic pressure |
front 124 Chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs derive their carbon from a.carbon dioxide. b.proteins. c.lipids. d.carbohydrates. | back 124 Carbon dioxide |
front 125 Some microorganisms use gaseous nitrogen directly from the atmosphere in a process called a.denitrification. b.photosynthesis. c.nitrogen fixation. d.nitrogen synthesis. | back 125 Nitrogen fixation |
front 126 An organism that uses oxygen when present but can grow without oxygen is called a(n) a.obligate aerobe. b.facultative anaerobe. c.microaerophile. d.aerotolerant anaerobe. | back 126 Facultative anaerobe |
front 127 Which organism is killed by atmospheric oxygen? a.facultative anaerobe b.obligate aerobe c.obligate anaerobe d.aerotolerant anaerobe | back 127 Obligate aerobe |
front 128 Toxic hydrogen peroxide in some bacteria can be broken down into water and oxygen by the enzyme a.superoxide dismutase. b.peroxidase. c.hydroxylase. d.catalase. | back 128 Catalase |
front 129 Generation time can best be defined as a.the length of time it takes for lag phase. b.the duration of log phase. c.the time it takes for a cell to divide. d.how many generations a cell can divide. | back 129 the time it takes for a cell to divide. |
front 130 Bacterial growth is usually graphed using ________ scales. a.arithmetic b.exponential c.logarithmic (semi-logarithmic) d.inverse | back 130 logarithmic (semi-logarithmic) |
front 131 In which growth phase is there intense activity preparing for population growth, but no increase in population? a.stationary phase b.log phase c.death phase d.lag phase | back 131 Lag phase |
front 132 Which of the following is NOT a possible reason why exponential growth stops? a.accumulation of waste products b.exhaustion of nutrients c.harmful changes in pH d.bacteria becoming dormant | back 132 bacteria becoming dormant |
front 133 In the stationary phase, a.the number of microbial deaths exceeds the number of new cells formed. b.the number of microbial deaths is equal to the number of new cells formed. c.new cells are no longer formed because of adverse environmental conditions. d.cellular reproduction is most active. | back 133 the number of microbial deaths is equal to the number of new cells formed. |
front 134 Which type of medium suppresses the growth of unwanted bacteria and encourages growth of desired microbes? a.differential media b.complex media c.selective media d.enrichment media | back 134 Selective media |
front 135 Microbes that are introduced into a culture medium to initiate growth are called a(n) a.inoculum. b.culture. c.specimen. d.medium. | back 135 Inoculum |
front 136 What is added to a medium when it is desirable to grow bacteria on a solid medium? a.glucose b.magnesium sulfate c.sodium thioglycollate d.agar | back 136 agar |
front 137 A culture medium made of extracts from yeasts, meat, or plants is a ________ medium. a.complex b.selective c.differential d.chemically defined | back 137 Complex |
front 138 Labs intended for highly infectious airborne pathogens, such as tuberculosis, are classified as a.BSL-1. b.BSL-2. c.BSL-3. d.BSL-4. | back 138 BSL-3 |
front 139 A spectrophotometer can be used to measure a.metabolic activity. b.turbidity. c.dry weight. d.pathogenicity. | back 139 Turbidity |
front 140 The method in which a measured volume of bacterial suspension is placed within a defined area on a microscope slide is called the a.direct microscope count. b.pour plate method. c.spread plate method. most probable number method. | back 140 Direct microscope count |
front 141 Which process is used to ensure that plates contain 30 to 300 colonies when counted? a.turbidity b.serial dilution c.filtration d.pour plates | back 141 Serial dilution |
front 142 Which is the best technique to use to measure the growth of filamentous organisms? a.most probable number method b.direct microscopic count c.turbidity d.dry weight | back 142 Dry weight |
front 143 Which method is a statistical estimating technique used to determine the number of bacteria in a sample? a.turbidity b.spread plate method c.most probable number method d.pour plate method | back 143 Most probable number method |
front 144 Starting with one bacterial cell, how many cells would you have after 10 generations? a.10 b.20 c.200 d.1024 | back 144 1024 |
front 145 Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT: a) yeast | back 145 Cat Yeast and protozoan are both eukaryotic |
front 146 The arguments supporting spontaneous generation were finally
disproved by: | back 146 A) Louis Pasteur |
front 147 The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism: | back 147 Pathogen: small # of microorganisms |
front 148 Which physician is first associated with vaccination? | back 148 Jenner |
front 149 In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the | back 149 species |
front 150 Which disease has been eliminated through the use of
vaccines: | back 150 smallpox |
front 151 Viruses are not considered living organisms because they | back 151 a) cannot reproduce by themselves |
front 152 If a microscope has an objective lens labeled 63X and an ocular lens of 10x what is the final magnification of this scope? | back 152 63X10=630 |