front 1 1) Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories? A) muscle tissue B) neural tissue C) osseous tissue D) connective tissue E) epithelial tissue | back 1 C) osseous tissue |
front 2 2) The tissue that always has an apical and a basal surface is ________ tissue. A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) basal E) apical | back 2 A) epithelial |
front 3 3) Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except A) attachment. B) avascularity. C) regeneration. D) polarity. E) extracellular matrix. | back 3 E) extracellular matrix. |
front 4 4) The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the A) desmosome. B) hemidesmosome. C) gap junction. D) tight junction. E) zonula adherens. | back 4 C) gap junction. |
front 5 5) Functions of epithelia include all of the following except A) providing physical protection. B) controlling permeability. C) absorption. D) producing specialized secretions. E) supporting muscle cells. | back 5 E) supporting muscle cells. |
front 6 6) Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have ________ at their free surface. A) mitochondria B) cilia C) microvilli D) junctional complexes E) Golgi complexes | back 6 C) microvilli |
front 7 7) A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is called a(n) A) tight junction. B) gap junction. C) intermediate junction. D) desmosome. E) All of the answers are correct. | back 7 A) tight junction. |
front 8 8) Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called A) gap junctions. B) intermediate junctions. C) tight junctions. D) desmosomes. E) junctional complexes. | back 8 D) desmosomes. |
front 9 9) Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for A) contraction. B) conduction. C) secretion. D) circulation. E) support. | back 9 C) secretion. |
front 10 10) Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by A) keratin. B) interfacial canals. C) a basement membrane. D) a reticular lamina. E) proteoglycan. | back 10 C) a basement membrane. |
front 11 11) Which tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach? A) simple squamous epithelium B) simple cuboidal epithelium C) simple columnar epithelium D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E) stratified squamous epithelium | back 11 C) simple columnar epithelium |
front 12 12) A layer of glycoproteins that prevents leakage of materials from connective tissues into epithelia is the A) integral proteins. B) clear layer. C) matrix. D) dense layer. E) ground substance. | back 12 B) clear layer. |
front 13 13) Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as A) neuroepithelia. B) psychoepithelia. C) neuropsychoepithelia. D) multilaminar epithelia. E) protective epithelia. | back 13 A) neuroepithelia. |
front 14 14) Germinative cells A) start in the superficial layers of epithelial tissue. B) cannot divide in the deep layers of epithelial tissue. C) make up most of the epithelial type of tissue. D) divide continually to produce new epithelial cells. E) cannot function in the repair of epithelial tissue. | back 14 D) divide continually to produce new epithelial cells. |
front 15 15) In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant? A) tight junctions B) basolateral junctions C) gap junctions D) hemidesmosomes E) desmosomes | back 15 E) desmosomes |
front 16 16) Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of A) epithelium. B) muscle tissue. C) connective tissue. D) neural tissue. E) fat tissue. | back 16 A) epithelium. |
front 17 17) Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely ________ tissue. A) muscle B) neural C) epithelial D) connective E) adipose | back 17 C) epithelial |
front 18 18) Transitional epithelium is found A) lining the urinary bladder. B) lining the ducts that drain sweat glands. C) lining kidney tubules. D) lining the stomach. E) at the surface of the skin. | back 18 A) lining the urinary bladder. |
front 19 19) The heart and blood vessels are lined by ________ epithelium. A) pseudostratified columnar B) transitional C) simple cuboidal D) simple columnar E) simple squamous | back 19 E) simple squamous |
front 20 20) You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the A) trachea. B) urinary bladder. C) secretory portions of the pancreas. D) surface of the skin. E) stomach. | back 20 A) trachea. |
front 21 21) Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false? A) They afford little mechanical protection. B) They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs. C) They line internal compartments and passageways. D) They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress. E) They are avascular. | back 21 D) They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress. |
front 22 22) Cells that are flat and thin are classified as A) columnar. B) squamous. C) blasts. D) transitional. E) cuboidal. | back 22 B) squamous. |
front 23 23) Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the A) kidneys. B) heart and blood vessels. C) urinary bladder. D) mouth. E) large intestine. | back 23 B) heart and blood vessels. |
front 24 24) The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as A) simple squamous. B) stratified squamous. C) simple cuboidal. D) stratified cuboidal. E) transitional. | back 24 A) simple squamous. |
front 25 25) Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________. A) lubrication; lubricators B) enzymes; hormones C) transport media; physical protectors D) superficial relief; interstitial fluid E) odors; alarms | back 25 B) enzymes; hormones |
front 26 26) The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are A) simple and proper. B) stratified and pseudostratified. C) squamous and simple. D) simple and stratified. E) cuboidal and columnar. | back 26 D) simple and stratified. |
front 27 27) The epithelium that forms air sacs in the lungs is ________ epithelium. A) stratified squamous B) simple cuboidal C) simple squamous D) transitional E) simple columnar | back 27 C) simple squamous |
front 28 28) The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is A) support and structure. B) protection and transport. C) phagocytosis and immunity. D) absorption and secretion. E) storage and retrieval. | back 28 D) absorption and secretion. |
front 29 29) The study of cells shed from epithelial surfaces, often for diagnostic purposes, is termed A) histology. B) physiology. C) anatomy. D) embryology. E) exfoliative cytology. | back 29 E) exfoliative cytology. |
front 30 30) The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes A) histology. B) physiology. C) anatomy. D) embryology. E) exfoliative cytology. | back 30 E) exfoliative cytology. |
front 31 31) Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands. A) endocrine B) interstitial C) exocrine D) merocrine E) holocrine | back 31 A) endocrine |
front 32 32) Cells that are specialized for secretion A) have a free surface that is flat. B) have a small nucleus. C) are usually squamous. D) exhibit polarity. E) are found only in the digestive system. | back 32 D) exhibit polarity. |
front 33 33) Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion. A) merocrine B) apocrine C) holocrine D) serous E) mucous | back 33 A) merocrine |
front 34 34) Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are ________ glands. A) apocrine B) sudoriferous C) holocrine D) endocrine E) merocrine | back 34 C) holocrine |
front 35 35) The pancreas produces ________ secretions. A) serous and sebaceous B) mucous and acid C) merocrine and holocrine D) exocrine and endocrine E) secretory and absorptive | back 35 D) exocrine and endocrine |
front 36 36) Unicellular exocrine glands secrete A) milk. B) sweat. C) mucus. D) sebum. E) insulin. | back 36 C) mucus. |
front 37 37) A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called A) simple tubular. B) simple alveolar. C) compound tubular. D) compound alveolar. E) tubuloalveolar. | back 37 B) simple alveolar. |
front 38 38) Which of the following tissues are classified as "connective tissue proper"? 1. areolar connective tissue 2. adipose tissue 3. fibrocartilage 4. dense irregular connective tissue A) 3 and 4 B) 1, 2, and 3 C) 1 and 2 D) 1, 2, and 4 E) 1 and 3 | back 38 D) 1, 2, and 4 |
front 39 39) Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue? A) squamous cell B) adipocyte C) fibroblast D) chondroblast E) chondrocyte | back 39 C) fibroblast |
front 40 40) Blood is which type of tissue? A) mesenchyme B) nerve C) epithelial D) muscle E) connective | back 40 E) connective |
front 41 41) The viscous material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the A) cytosol. B) ground substance. C) cytoplasm. D) crista. E) gel matrix. | back 41 B) ground substance. |
front 42 42) Cells that store fat are called A) lipocytes. B) macrocytes. C) adipocytes. D) podocytes. E) melanocytes. | back 42 C) adipocytes. |
front 43 43) The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue. A) loose connective B) regular dense connective C) irregular dense connective D) reticular connective E) adipose | back 43 D) reticular connective |
front 44 44) The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is A) collagen. B) elastin. C) actin. D) myosin. E) connectin. | back 44 A) collagen. |
front 45 45) Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except A) tendons. B) ligaments. C) aponeuroses. D) areolar tissue. E) elastic tissue. | back 45 D) areolar tissue. |
front 46 46) The three categories of connective tissues are A) connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue. B) epithelial connective tissue, muscle connective tissue, and neural connective tissue. C) glandular connective tissue, exocrine connective tissue, and endocrine connective tissue. D) connective tissue proper, cartilage connective tissue, and bone connective tissue. E) areolar connective tissue, adipose connective tissue, and dense connective tissue | back 46 A) connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue. |
front 47 47) Two classes of macrophages include A) mesenchymal cells and melanocytes. B) mast cells and basophils. C) fixed macrophages and free macrophages. D) neutrophils and eosinophils. E) microphages and adipocytes. | back 47 C) fixed macrophages and free macrophages. |
front 48 48) Two types of microphages include A) mesenchymal cells and melanocytes. B) mast cells and basophils. C) fixed macrophages and free macrophages. D) neutrophils and eosinophils. E) microphages and adipocytes. | back 48 D) neutrophils and eosinophils. |
front 49 49) Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are A) all connective tissues proper. B) elastic and hyaline cartilage. C) dense irregular connective tissues. D) reticular connective tissues. E) dense regular connective tissues. | back 49 C) dense irregular connective tissues. |
front 50 50) What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood? A) erythrocyte B) leukocyte C) platelet D) monocyte E) phagocyte | back 50 A) erythrocyte |
front 51 51) Wharton's jelly is a form of A) Marfan's syndrome. B) mucous connective tissue. C) ground substance. D) collagen fiber. E) embryonic epithelium. | back 51 B) mucous connective tissue. |
front 52 52) Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen? A) adipocytes B) fibroblasts C) macrophages D) mast cells E) lymphocytes | back 52 B) fibroblasts |
front 53 53) ________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another. A) Ligaments; tendons B) Ligaments; aponeuroses C) Tendons; ligaments D) Aponeuroses; tendons E) Reticular tissues; tendons | back 53 C) Tendons; ligaments |
front 54 54) The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are A) tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments. B) loose, dense, and irregular. C) cartilage, bone, and collagen. D) collagen, reticular, and elastic. E) polar, cellular, and permeable. | back 54 D) collagen, reticular, and elastic. |
front 55 55) The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists because brown fat A) includes active melanocytes. B) is more superficial. C) traps pollutants. D) is highly vascular. E) is more mature. | back 55 D) is highly vascular. |
front 56 56) Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are A) fibroblasts. B) macrophages. C) adipocytes. D) mast cells. E) melanocytes. | back 56 B) macrophages. |
front 57 57) Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except A) providing strong connections between muscles and bones. B) supporting epithelia. C) anchoring blood vessels and nerves. D) cushioning and stabilizing. E) filling spaces between organs. | back 57 A) providing strong connections between muscles and bones. |
front 58 58) Antibodies are produced by A) macrophages. B) microphages. C) plasma cells. D) mast cells. E) fibroblasts. | back 58 C) plasma cells. |
front 59 59) Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are A) mast cells. B) fibroblasts. C) plasmocytes. D) mesenchymal cells. E) lymphocytes. | back 59 D) mesenchymal cells. |
front 60 60) The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage. A) ligamentous B) hyaline C) elastic D) fibrous E) osseous | back 60 B) hyaline |
front 61 61) Osseous tissue is also called A) cartilage. B) fat. C) cellulite. D) bone. E) ligament. | back 61 D) bone. |
front 62 62) Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of A) epithelial tissue. B) cartilage. C) areolar tissue. D) elastic connective tissue. E) adipose tissue. | back 62 B) cartilage. |
front 63 63) Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum? A) areolar connective tissue B) hyaline cartilage C) elastic cartilage D) fibrous cartilage E) dense regular connective tissue | back 63 B) hyaline cartilage |
front 64 64) A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is A) areolar connective tissue. B) cartilage. C) bone. D) epithelium. E) dense regular connective tissue. | back 64 B) cartilage. |
front 65 65) Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous A) perichondrium. B) ground substance. C) periosteum. D) chondroplasm. E) matrix. | back 65 A) perichondrium. |
front 66 66) Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to A) blood. B) epithelium. C) fat. D) bone. E) neural tissue. | back 66 D) bone. |
front 67 67) Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue? A) fluid connective tissue B) dense connective tissue C) supporting connective tissue D) loose connective tissue E) adipose tissue | back 67 C) supporting connective tissue |
front 68 68) Unlike cartilage, bone A) is a connective tissue. B) has a matrix that contains collagen. C) is highly vascular. D) has an outer covering. E) has cells within lacunae. | back 68 C) is highly vascular. |
front 69 69) Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body? A) mucous B) serous C) cutaneous D) synovial E) pleural | back 69 A) mucous |
front 70 70) The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of A) cutaneous membranes. B) mucous membranes. C) serous membranes. D) synovial membranes. E) the lamina propria. | back 70 C) serous membranes. |
front 71 71) The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the A) pleura. B) peritoneum. C) pericardium. D) periosteum. E) perichondrium. | back 71 B) peritoneum. |
front 72 72) The term transudate describes fluid associated with A) mucus membranes. B) mammary glands. C) cutaneous membranes. D) serous membranes. E) endocrine glands. | back 72 D) serous membranes. |
front 73 73) Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most likely have come from the A) inner wall of a blood vessel. B) lungs. C) spleen. D) superficial fascia between skin and muscle. E) bony socket of the eye. | back 73 D) superficial fascia between skin and muscle. |
front 74 74) The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the A) dermis. B) superficial fascia. C) deep fascia. D) subcutaneous layer. E) subserous fascia. | back 74 B) superficial fascia. |
front 75 75) Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon? A) superficial fascia B) hypodermis C) deep fascia D) subserous fascia E) subcutaneous layer | back 75 C) deep fascia |
front 76 76) Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue. A) loose connective B) dense connective C) epithelial D) nerve E) muscle | back 76 E) muscle |
front 77 77) Myosatellite cells are found in association with ________ muscle. A) skeletal B) smooth C) cardiac D) involuntary E) both smooth and cardiac | back 77 A) skeletal |
front 78 78) Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue. A) smooth muscle B) cardiac muscle C) skeletal muscle D) all types of muscle E) nerve | back 78 B) cardiac muscle |
front 79 79) The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle. A) skeletal B) cardiac C) smooth D) voluntary E) multinucleated | back 79 C) smooth |
front 80 80) Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue. A) connective B) neural C) areolar D) osseous E) epithelial | back 80 B) neural |
front 81 81) All of the following are true of neurons except that A) when mature, they lose the ability to divide. B) they conduct a nervous impulse. C) they are composed of a cell body and axon. D) they are a very specialized form of connective tissue. E) they are separated from one another by synapses. | back 81 D) they are a very specialized form of connective tissue. |
front 82 82) During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury? A) increase in basophils B) increase in histamine C) increase in blood flow D) cold, pale skin E) swelling | back 82 D) cold, pale skin |
front 83 83) The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called A) inflammation. B) apoptosis. C) fibrosis. D) cystosis. E) necrosis. | back 83 C) fibrosis. |
front 84 84) Tissue changes with age include all of the following except A) less efficient tissue maintenance. B) proliferation of epidermal cells. C) thinner epithelia. D) more fragile connective tissues. E) decreased ability to repair tissue damage. | back 84 B) proliferation of epidermal cells. |
front 85 1) The study of tissues is called A) cytology. B) toxicology. C) micrology. D) histology. E) mycology. | back 85 D) histology. |
front 86 2) An epithelial cell can be divided into two functional regions. They are the ________ and the basal surface. A) apical B) pinnacle C) topical D) crest E) apogeal | back 86 A) apical |
front 87 3) ________ are proteins that connect adjacent cells at a gap junction. A) Bindins B) Adhesions C) Connexins D) Attachons E) Tieons | back 87 C) Connexins |
front 88 4) The epithelium that lines the body cavities is known as A) perithelium. B) myothelium. C) intrathelium. D) endothelium. E) mesothelium. | back 88 E) mesothelium. |
front 89 5) Gland cells produce A) mesenchyme. B) antibodies. C) secretions. D) phagocytes. E) fibers. | back 89 C) secretions. |
front 90 6) Which of the following glands have a compound rather than a simple structure? A) salivary glands B) sebaceous glands C) mucous glands D) sweat glands E) gastric glands | back 90 A) salivary glands |
front 91 7) The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and ________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells. A) epicrine B) eccrine C) holocrine D) apocrine E) endocrine | back 91 D) apocrine |
front 92 8) The viscous component of connective tissue is called A) basal layer. B) ground substance. C) matrix. D) lymph. E) plasma. | back 92 B) ground substance. |
front 93 9) The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as A) collagen. B) cartilage. C) chondroitin. D) matrix. E) scaffold. | back 93 D) matrix. |
front 94 10) The watery fluid component of blood is called A) hemosol. B) liquid elements. C) formed elements. D) hemoplasm. E) plasma. | back 94 E) plasma. |
front 95 11) In areolar connective tissue, ________ cells release histamine. A) plasma B) mast C) mesenchymal D) gland E) goblet | back 95 B) mast |
front 96 12) The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are plasma, interstitial fluid, and A) synovial fluid. B) urine. C) sweat. D) lymph. E) serous fluid. | back 96 D) lymph. |
front 97 13) Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is called A) plasma. B) lymph. C) blood. D) humoral fluid. E) plasmin fluid. | back 97 B) lymph. |
front 98 14) The three kinds of formed elements in blood are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and A) lymphocytes. B) platelets. C) phagocytes. D) plasma cells. E) mast cells. | back 98 B) platelets. |
front 99 15) Lymphocytes can develop into cells that secrete defense proteins against disease. These cells are termed ________, while these proteins are called antibodies. A) T cells B) B cells C) plasma cells D) immunocytes E) phagocytes | back 99 C) plasma cells |
front 100 16) Defense cells in blood are called white blood cells or A) leukocytes. B) lymphocytes. C) erythrocytes. D) thrombocytes. E) immunocytes. | back 100 A) leukocytes. |
front 101 17) Antiangiogenesis factor is a chemical produced by ________ that blocks the growth of blood vessels. A) leukocytes B) lymphocytes C) chondrocytes D) erythrocytes E) mesenchymal cells | back 101 C) chondrocytes |
front 102 18) A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected? A) mesenchymal B) fibrous C) elastic D) hyaline E) articular | back 102 B) fibrous |
front 103 19) Growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes is called ________ growth. A) appositional B) intrasitional C) transitional D) transformational E) interstitial | back 103 E) interstitial |
front 104 20) In ________ growth, cartilage grows wider or thicker in diameter. A) appositional B) intrasitional C) transitional D) transformational E) interstitial | back 104 A) appositional |
front 105 21) Epithelia and connective tissues combine to form ________ that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body. A) fasciae B) aponeuroses C) organ capsules D) cutaneous layers E) body membranes | back 105 E) body membranes |
front 106 22) The loose connective tissue component of a mucous membrane is called the A) lamina densa. B) basal lamina. C) areolar lamina. D) lamina propria. E) mucina lamina. | back 106 D) lamina propria. |
front 107 23) Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity as a result of liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, or heart failure is known as A) edema. B) ischemia. C) inflammation. D) ascites. E) infarction. | back 107 D) ascites. |
front 108 24) The function of ________ is to propagate electrical signals from one place to another. A) muscle cells B) neurons C) transmitter cells D) teleocytes E) neuroglia | back 108 B) neurons |
front 109 25) ________ support, protect, and nourish nerve cells. A) Nurse cells B) Neuroglia C) Neurons D) Nurturons E) Nutrient cells | back 109 B) Neuroglia |
front 110 26) The body's first tissue response to any injury is A) fever. B) inflammation. C) bleeding. D) shivering. E) All the above. | back 110 B) inflammation. |