front 1 Approximately 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to the reabsorption of _____. | back 1 Sodium |
front 2 What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? | back 2 a system that regulates the rate of filtrate formation and systemic blood pressure |
front 3 Which of the following substances is not normally found in
filtrate? | back 3 B. Blood cells and large particles |
front 4 What is the primary driving force that produces glomerular filtration? | back 4 hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure) |
front 5 Which substance would be found in higher concentration if the
membrane were damaged? | back 5 C. Protein |
front 6 If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg, would net filtration increase or decrease? | back 6 Decrease |
front 7 Calculate the net filtration pressure if capillary hydrostatic pressure = 60 mm Hg, capillary osmotic pressure =25 mm Hg, and capsular hydrostatic pressure =10 mm Hg. | back 7 25 mm Hg |
front 8 Which of the following best describes glomerular filtration rate
(GFR)? | back 8 B. the volume of filtrate created by the kidneys per minute |
front 9 GFR regulation mechanisms primarily affect which of the
following? | back 9 A. glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) |
front 10 Macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) regulate GFR through which intrinsic mechanism? | back 10 tubuloglomerular feedback |
front 11 The myogenic mechanism of renal autoregulation primarily involves smooth muscle in which blood vessels? | back 11 afferent arterioles |
front 12 What does a high concentration of NaCl in the renal tubule at the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) most likely indicate? | back 12 insufficient NaCl reabsorption due to high GFR |
front 13 Through the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, how would an increase in filtrate NaCl concentration affect afferent arteriole diameter? | back 13 Afferent arteriole diameter would decrease. |
front 14 Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) regulate GFR indirectly through which mechanism? | back 14 renin-angiotensin mechanism |
front 15 A non-fasting urine sample from an individual who has previously ingested donuts and a soft drink showed the presence of sugar (glucose). Which of the following statement explains the presence of the glucose in the urine? | back 15 The individual exceeded the transport maximum. |
front 16 Which part of the brain controls the micturition reflex? | back 16 Pons |
front 17 The frequency of cystitis in men is lower than in women because ______. | back 17 the male urethra is longer than the female urethra |
front 18 Urinary incontinence may occur if a person has ______. | back 18 an overactive detrusor muscle |
front 19 True or False Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle. | back 19 False |
front 20 An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to ________. | back 20 an increase in the production of ADH |
front 21 True or False Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate. | back 21 True |
front 22 The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________. | back 22 by a decrease in the blood pressure |
front 23 Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted
tubule? | back 23 Creatinine |
front 24 The renal ___________ is continuous with the ureter. | back 24 Pelvis |
front 25 Which gland sits atop each kidney? | back 25 Adrenal |
front 26 The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for ______ | back 26 regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure |
front 27 True or False The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle. | back 27 True |
front 28 True or False The terminal portion of the urinary system is the urethra. | back 28 True |
front 29 In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce ____________________. | back 29 Urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions |
front 30 True or False The ureter transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. | back 30 True |
front 31 The ability to concentrate urine depends on the functions of ____________________. | back 31 Loop of henle (or the collecting duct) |
front 32 The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________ | back 32 is drained by an efferent arteriole |
front 33 The descending limb of the loop of Henle contains ________. | back 33 fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla |
front 34 Urine passes through the ________. | back 34 pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra |
front 35 Tubular reabsorption ________. | back 35 by active mechanisms usually involves movement against an electrical and/or chemical gradient |
front 36 Urea transport into the medullary collecting duct is enhanced by ________. | back 36 ADH |
front 37 True or False Urine is 95% water by volume. | back 37 True |
front 38 True or False The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to sodium chloride and actively transports water into the surrounding interstitial fluids. | back 38 False |