front 1 What 4 processes of life do biologists agree all living things share? | back 1 Growth reproduction responsiveness metabolism |
front 2 Moving towards or away from an environmental stimuli | back 2 taxis |
front 3 Cells store energy in chemical bonds of | back 3 ATP |
front 4 Describe how growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and metabolism work in viruses. | back 4 Growth- Growth does not occur Reproduction- Host cell replicates the virus Responsiveness- Reactions occur to host cells Metabolism- Uses the host cell metabolism |
front 5 What is different about the structure of a bacteria vs a virus. | back 5 Bacteria have a membrane and a cellular structure, while viruses lack a cytoplasmic membrane or cellular structure. |
front 6 Viruses are not ______ | back 6 cellular. |
front 7 Smallest living things are: | back 7 single-celled microrganisms |
front 8 A living thing, surrounded by a membrane, that can grow, reproduce, respond, and metabolize. | back 8 A Cell. |
front 9 2 ways of describing cells, as either _____ or ______ | back 9 Prokaryotes Eukaryotes |
front 10 What 2 domains do Prokaryotes a part of | back 10 Archaea Bacteria |
front 11 Prokaryotes can make ____ while reading their _____, because they dont have a _____ | back 11 Proteins... Genetic code... membrane around their DNA. |
front 12 A prokaryote does not have a | back 12 nucleus |
front 13 Which has a nucelus, prokaryotes or eukaryotes? | back 13 Eukaryotes |
front 14 Structures that compartmentalize a eukaryotes cellular fuctions (act like organs of the cell). | back 14 Organelles |
front 15 Animals, Plants, Fungi, Algae, and Protozoa are _____. | back 15 Eukaryotes |
front 16 Which is smaller, eukaryotes or prokaryotes? | back 16 Prokaryotes. |
front 17 Sticky substance around some cells | back 17 glycocalyx |
front 18 When the glycocalyx is made of chemicals firmly attached to the cell's surface, it is called a ____ | back 18 capsule |
front 19 When the glycocalyx is loose and water-soluble, it is called a ____ | back 19 Slime layer |
front 20 Purpose of the glycocalyx | back 20 keep the cell from drying out and make it be able to attach to surfaces as biofilm |
front 21 Long structures that propel a cell thru the environment | back 21 flagella |
front 22 3 parts of flagella | back 22 filament hook basal body |
front 23 hollow shaft of the flagella that extends out into the cell's environment | back 23 filament |
front 24 filament are made of protein molecules called | back 24 flagellin |
front 25 flagellum grows at the | back 25 tip |
front 26 the part of the flagella that anchors the filament and hook to the cell wall | back 26 the basal body |
front 27 what does the filament need to rotate | back 27 hook, rod, and rings |
front 28 flagella that cover the surface of a cell are called | back 28 peritrichous |
front 29 flagella only at the ends | back 29 polar |
front 30 spiral shaped bacteria | back 30 spirochetes |
front 31 flagella at both ends of a cell that spiral tightly | back 31 endoflagella |
front 32 caused the cell to corkscrew | back 32 the axial filament of an endoflagella |
front 33 disease caused by spirochetes | back 33 lyme |
front 34 moves a cell using a boat-propeller motion | back 34 flagella |
front 35 bacteria move with a series of ___ and ___ | back 35 runs and tumbles |
front 36 light stimulus that causes movement | back 36 phototaxis |
front 37 chemical stimulus that causes movement | back 37 chemotaxis |
front 38 movement towards favorable stimulus | back 38 positive taxis |
front 39 movement away from negative stimulus | back 39 negative taxis |
front 40 rodlike proteinaceous extensions of bacteria | back 40 fimbriae |
front 41 a disease that uses fimbriae to attached to the reproductive tract | back 41 gonorrhea |
front 42 slimy masses of microbes adhering to a surface | back 42 biofilms |
front 43 99% of bacteria exist in | back 43 biofilms |
front 44 a special type of fimbriae that is larger than normal | back 44 pili |
front 45 cells use pili to transfer | back 45 dna from cell to cell |
front 46 transferring dna from one cell to another using pili is called | back 46 conjugation |
front 47 provides structure, shape, and protection to a cell | back 47 cell wall |
front 48 can cause resistance to some drugs | back 48 cell walls |
front 49 penicillin attacks the cell wall of ____ but not ____ | back 49 bacteria... human cells |
front 50 spherical cells | back 50 cocci |
front 51 rod shaped cells | back 51 bacilli |
front 52 bacterial cells walls are composed of ____, which our bodies don't have. | back 52 peptidoglycan |
front 53 glycan portion of peptidoglycan | back 53 NAG and NAM |
front 54 2 basic types of bacterial cell walls | back 54 Gram + and Gram - |
front 55 cell wall with a thick peptidoglycan layer | back 55 Gram + |
front 56 the surface of a gram + bacteria is __ charged | back 56 negatively |
front 57 Gram + will be stained | back 57 purple |
front 58 Stain used for gram + stains with large amounts of waxy lipds | back 58 acid-fast |
front 59 the structure of a cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as a | back 59 phospholipid bilayer |
front 60 the phospholipid molecule heads are hydro___, while the tails are hydro___ | back 60 philic phobic |
front 61 function as pores to let substances cross the membrane | back 61 proteins |
front 62 the interior of a membrane is usually ___ charged, the exterior is ___ charged. | back 62 negatively positively |
front 63 3 types of passive processes | back 63 diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis |
front 64 moving chemicals from a high concentration to a low one | back 64 diffusion |
front 65 molecules diffuse down their concentration gradient using proteins | back 65 facilitated diffusion |
front 66 has a binding site that is selective for only one substance | back 66 permease |
front 67 diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane | back 67 osmosis |
front 68 when the concentration of solutes are equal, it is called ___. If the concentration of solutes is higher it is called ___, and if it is lower it is ____ | back 68 isotonic hypertonic hypotonic |
front 69 most cells are ___tonic to their environment | back 69 hyper |
front 70 if you give a patient a hypertonic solution, the cells will | back 70 shrivel, or crenate. |
front 71 if you give a patient a hypotonic solution, the cells will | back 71 swell, and possibly burst |
front 72 if only one substance is transported during an active process, the permease is called a | back 72 uniport |
front 73 in antiports, ___ substances are transported, but in opposite directions. (in/out) | back 73 2 |
front 74 when 2 substances move in the same direction across a membrane, it is called | back 74 symport |
front 75 breaks down ATP into ADP | back 75 ATPase |
front 76 oxygen, carbon dioxide, and lipid-soluble substances use ____, a passive transport process. | back 76 diffusion |
front 77 glucose, fructose, urea, and some vitamins use ___, a passive transport process. | back 77 facilitated diffusion |
front 78 glucose, mannose, and fructose use ___, an active transport process. | back 78 group translocation |
front 79 gelatinous material inside a cell | back 79 cytoplasm |
front 80 the liquid portion of the cytoplasm | back 80 cytosol |
front 81 in a prokaryote, the cell's dna is stored in the ___ of the cytosol | back 81 nucleoid |
front 82 can tolerate boiling water for several hours and radiation at very high levels, as well as be unharmed by toxic chemicals like alcohol and bleach | back 82 endospores |
front 83 anthrax, tetanus, and gangrene are examples of ___-forming bacteria. | back 83 endospore |
front 84 site of protein synthesis in cells | back 84 ribosomes |
front 85 70S ribosomes are composed of ___ and ___ subunits | back 85 30S 50S |
front 86 archaea move using __, ___, and ___ | back 86 flagella, fimbriae, and hami |
front 87 ___ are small, barbed-wire like projections used to stick fimbriae to surfaces | back 87 hami |
front 88 most archaea have cells walls, but none have | back 88 peptidoglycan |
front 89 Pili is not found on ___, but is found on ___. | back 89 Archaea... Bacteria. |
front 90 Hami is not found on ___, but is found on ___. | back 90 Bacteria... Archea |
front 91 Cell wall of archaea composed of | back 91 polysaccharides or proteins |
front 92 cell wall of bacteria composed of | back 92 peptidoglycan |
front 93 ___ are absent in eukaryotes that have cell walls | back 93 glycocalyces |
front 94 The eukaryotes ___, ___, and ___ have cell walls | back 94 fungi, algae, plants |
front 95 Lipid A is only in Gram ___ | back 95 negative |
front 96 Fungi cell walls include polysaccharides including ___, ___, and ___ | back 96 cellulose, chitin, and glucomannan |
front 97 All eukaryotes have ___ that contain ___ | back 97 cytoplasmic membranes... sterols |
front 98 Eukaryotes use ___ to localize cellular processes, sort protein, and some cell movement | back 98 membrane rafts |
front 99 physical manipulation of the cytoplasmic membrane around the cytoskeleton | back 99 endocytosis |
front 100 endocytosis is called ___ if a solid is brought into a cell, and ___ if a liquid is. | back 100 phagocytosis... pinocytosis |
front 101 Nutrients brought into the cell by endocytosis are then enclosed in a ___ | back 101 food vessicle |
front 102 The basal body in a eukaryote are ___ the cell membrane | back 102 inside |
front 103 the basal body in eukaryotes have ___ microtubules, instead of ___ like prokaryotes | back 103 3... 2 |
front 104 ___ flagella move rhythmically | back 104 eukaryote |
front 105 eukaryotes flagella do not move with ___ and ___ | back 105 runs and tumbles |
front 106 No ___ cells have cilia | back 106 prokaryote |
front 107 eukaryote ribosomes are ___ and contain ___ and ___ subunits | back 107 80S 60S and 40S |
front 108 threadlike masses of DNA | back 108 chromatin |
front 109 Double membrane surrounding the nucleus | back 109 nuclear enevelope |
front 110 "Shipping department" of a cell | back 110 golgi body |