Microbiology: Chapter 3 - Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

What 4 processes of life do biologists agree all living things share?

Moving towards or away from an environmental stimuli

Cells store energy in chemical bonds of

Describe how growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and metabolism work in viruses.

What is different about the structure of a bacteria vs a virus.

Viruses are not ______

Smallest living things are:

A living thing, surrounded by a membrane, that can grow, reproduce, respond, and metabolize.

2 ways of describing cells, as either _____ or ______

What 2 domains do Prokaryotes a part of

Prokaryotes can make ____ while reading their _____, because they dont have a _____

A prokaryote does not have a

Which has a nucelus, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Structures that compartmentalize a eukaryotes cellular fuctions (act like organs of the cell).

Animals, Plants, Fungi, Algae, and Protozoa are _____.

Which is smaller, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Sticky substance around some cells

When the glycocalyx is made of chemicals firmly attached to the cell's surface, it is called a ____

When the glycocalyx is loose and water-soluble, it is called a ____

Purpose of the glycocalyx

Long structures that propel a cell thru the environment

3 parts of flagella

hollow shaft of the flagella that extends out into the cell's environment

filament are made of protein molecules called

flagellum grows at the

the part of the flagella that anchors the filament and hook to the cell wall

what does the filament need to rotate

flagella that cover the surface of a cell are called

flagella only at the ends

spiral shaped bacteria

flagella at both ends of a cell that spiral tightly

caused the cell to corkscrew

disease caused by spirochetes

moves a cell using a boat-propeller motion

bacteria move with a series of ___ and ___

light stimulus that causes movement

chemical stimulus that causes movement

movement towards favorable stimulus

movement away from negative stimulus

rodlike proteinaceous extensions of bacteria

a disease that uses fimbriae to attached to the reproductive tract

slimy masses of microbes adhering to a surface

99% of bacteria exist in

a special type of fimbriae that is larger than normal

cells use pili to transfer

transferring dna from one cell to another using pili is called

provides structure, shape, and protection to a cell

can cause resistance to some drugs

penicillin attacks the cell wall of ____ but not ____

spherical cells

rod shaped cells

bacterial cells walls are composed of ____, which our bodies don't have.

glycan portion of peptidoglycan

2 basic types of bacterial cell walls

cell wall with a thick peptidoglycan layer

the surface of a gram + bacteria is __ charged

Gram + will be stained

Stain used for gram + stains with large amounts of waxy lipds

the structure of a cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as a

the phospholipid molecule heads are hydro___, while the tails are hydro___

function as pores to let substances cross the membrane

the interior of a membrane is usually ___ charged, the exterior is ___ charged.

3 types of passive processes

moving chemicals from a high concentration to a low one

molecules diffuse down their concentration gradient using proteins

has a binding site that is selective for only one substance

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

when the concentration of solutes are equal, it is called ___.

If the concentration of solutes is higher it is called ___, and if it is lower it is ____

most cells are ___tonic to their environment

if you give a patient a hypertonic solution, the cells will

if you give a patient a hypotonic solution, the cells will

if only one substance is transported during an active process, the permease is called a

in antiports, ___ substances are transported, but in opposite directions. (in/out)

when 2 substances move in the same direction across a membrane, it is called

breaks down ATP into ADP

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and lipid-soluble substances use ____, a passive transport process.

glucose, fructose, urea, and some vitamins use ___, a passive transport process.

glucose, mannose, and fructose use ___, an active transport process.

gelatinous material inside a cell

the liquid portion of the cytoplasm

in a prokaryote, the cell's dna is stored in the ___ of the cytosol

can tolerate boiling water for several hours and radiation at very high levels, as well as be unharmed by toxic chemicals like alcohol and bleach

anthrax, tetanus, and gangrene are examples of ___-forming bacteria.

site of protein synthesis in cells

70S ribosomes are composed of ___ and ___ subunits

archaea move using __, ___, and ___

___ are small, barbed-wire like projections used to stick fimbriae to surfaces

most archaea have cells walls, but none have

Pili is not found on ___, but is found on ___.

Hami is not found on ___, but is found on ___.

Cell wall of archaea composed of

cell wall of bacteria composed of

___ are absent in eukaryotes that have cell walls

The eukaryotes ___, ___, and ___ have cell walls

Lipid A is only in Gram ___

Fungi cell walls include polysaccharides including ___, ___, and ___

All eukaryotes have ___ that contain ___

Eukaryotes use ___ to localize cellular processes, sort protein, and some cell movement

physical manipulation of the cytoplasmic membrane around the cytoskeleton

endocytosis is called ___ if a solid is brought into a cell, and ___ if a liquid is.

Nutrients brought into the cell by endocytosis are then enclosed in a ___

The basal body in a eukaryote are ___ the cell membrane

the basal body in eukaryotes have ___ microtubules, instead of ___ like prokaryotes

___ flagella move rhythmically

eukaryotes flagella do not move with ___ and ___

No ___ cells have cilia

eukaryote ribosomes are ___ and contain ___ and ___ subunits

threadlike masses of DNA

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus

"Shipping department" of a cell