front 1 The functions of the ____ cavity include ingestion, speech, and respriation | back 1 buccal |
front 2 Name the three phases of gastric regulation | back 2 gastric, intestinal, cephalic |
front 3 List, in order, the segments of the small intestine | back 3 duodenum, jejunem, ileum |
front 4 The pancreatic islets are the ____ portion of the pancreas, while the majority of the pancreas is an _____ gland secreting enzymes and sodium bicarbonate | back 4 endocrine; exocrine |
front 5 List the pancreatic enzymes that digest protein | back 5 trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase |
front 6 When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth into the ____ before the esophagus | back 6 pharynx |
front 7 The selective intake of food is known as | back 7 ingestion |
front 8 _____ and _____ are absorbed into blood. ______ are absorbed into lymph. | back 8 protein and carbohydrates; lipids |
front 9 List the purposes for small intestinal muscle contractions | back 9 propel contents along intestines mixing of chyme with secretions increase contact of chyme with intestinal lining |
front 10 The straight muscular tube conveying from food from pharynx to the stomach is the _____ | back 10 esophagus |
front 11 The portion of the tooth that is exposed from the gum, that you can see is known as the ____ of the tooth | back 11 crown |
front 12 List in order the passage of bile from its point of secretion in the liver to the duodenum | back 12 bile canliculi bile ductules hepatic ducts common hepatic duct bile duct |
front 13 As a group, the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are classified as ____ salivary glands | back 13 extrinsic |
front 14 List examples of how the digestive system mechanically digests materials | back 14 chewing, churning of stomach, and segmentation |
front 15 The ______ _______ does not secrete digestive enzymes, but does absorb water and electrolytes | back 15 large intesting |
front 16 The enzyme _____ _____ begins starch digestion in the mouth | back 16 salivary amylase |
front 17 Describe goblet cells | back 17 mucus-secreting epithelial cells |
front 18 List the components of intestinal juice secreted by the intestinal crypts | back 18 water and mucus |
front 19 Name the liver function that contributes to the process of digestion | back 19 secretion of bile |
front 20 The hard noncellular secretion that covers the crown and neck of a tooth is the _____ | back 20 enamel |
front 21 List the components of bile | back 21 cholesterol, bile acids, phospholipids, and bile pigments |
front 22 Identify the functions of saliva | back 22 aids in swallowing dissolves molecules so they can be tasted inhibits bacterial growth |
front 23 Bile acids are recycled from liver to the small intestine and back via the ________ circulation | back 23 enterohepatic |
front 24 The portion of the stomach between the fundus and the pyloric regions is known as the _____ | back 24 corpus |
front 25 Describe the gallbladder | back 25 sac on underside of liver |
front 26 List functions of the cheeks and lips | back 26 push food between teeth sucking action speech articulation |
front 27 The _____ nervous system is comprised of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses | back 27 enteric |
front 28 List some of the functions of stomach acid | back 28 activate pepsin and lingual lipase denature proteins in food destroy pathogens |
front 29 List the substances absorbed from the stomach | back 29 aspirin, lipid-soluble drugs |
front 30 Name the stimulus for the defecation reflex | back 30 stretching of the sigmoid colon and stretching of rectum |
front 31 The _______ reflex involves the duodenum sending signals, typically inhibitory, to the stomach | back 31 enterogastric |
front 32 The segment of the digestive tract found on the right side of the abdomen is the _____ colon | back 32 ascending |
front 33 The hormone has a strong stimulatory effect on the gallblader | back 33 cholecystokinin |
front 34 List the blood vessels that carry blood to the liver | back 34 hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein |
front 35 Collectively, the teeth are known as the _____ | back 35 dentition |
front 36 An enzyme called gastric lipase digests dietary _____ in the stomach of infants | back 36 fat |
front 37 The conical projection that extends from posterior margin of the soft palate is called the _____ | back 37 uvula |
front 38 List the three layers of the muscularis externa of the stomach | back 38 outer longitudinal middle circular inner oblique |
front 39 Name the pancreatic secretion that is needed to neutralize the acid in the chyme arriving in the duodenum | back 39 sodium bicarbonate |
front 40 An enzyme that is secreted in its inactive form is known as a ______ | back 40 zymogen |
front 41 The term ______ means pertaining to the intestines | back 41 enter |
front 42 Name the hormone secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine that stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme release | back 42 CCK |
front 43 The rhythmic, wave-like contraction of the smooth muscles of the digestive tract is known as ______ | back 43 peristalsis |
front 44 The spongy retroperitoneal gland posterior to the greater curvature of the stomach describes the | back 44 pancreas |
front 45 Name the function of the bile components lecithin and bile acids | back 45 fat digestion |
front 46 List some of the functions of stomach acid | back 46 destroy pathogens denature proteins in food activate pepsin and lingual lipase |
front 47 The S-shaped portion of the large intestine, located in the lower left quadrant, is the ____ colon | back 47 sigmoid |
front 48 The term _____ refers to the group of enzymes that digest proteins | back 48 protease |
front 49 Glucose and galactose are moved into absorptive cells via _____ while fructose is absorbed by _______ | back 49 transporters; facilitated diffusion |
front 50 List some components of saliva | back 50 mucus, amlyase and lipase, water, and lysozyme |
front 51 The portions of the large intestine that are located in the pelvic cavity are the _____ and anal canal | back 51 rectum |
front 52 The villi of the small intestine are best described as | back 52 fingerlike projections of mucosa |
front 53 A series of hydrolysis reactions that breaks dietary marcomolecules into monomers is known as ______ digestion | back 53 chemical |
front 54 List the mechanisms that protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment | back 54 epithelial cell replacement tight junctions between epithelial cells mucous coat |
front 55 The salivary gland located just beneath the skin anterior to the earlobe is the ______ salivary gland | back 55 parotid |
front 56 The upper _____ ______ is formed by the inferior pharyngeal constrictors | back 56 esophageal sphincter |
front 57 The inactive precursor of pepsin is | back 57 pepsinogen |
front 58 The valve at the junction of the small intestine to the large intestine is the _____ valve | back 58 ileocecal |
front 59 Name the process by which large drops of fats are broken apart into smaller fat droplets | back 59 emulsification |
front 60 The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as _____ | back 60 chyme |
front 61 The large intestines begin with a pouch inferior to the ileocecal valve that is known as the | back 61 cecum |
front 62 List three examples of hormones produced by the digestive tracts | back 62 gastrin, CCK, secretin |
front 63 Muscular contractions called ______ involve alternating ring-like constrictions at several places along the intestine | back 63 segmentation |
front 64 List the nervous components that mediate the defecation reflex | back 64 parasympathetic nervous system myenteric nerve plexus |
front 65 Name the muscular band that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum | back 65 pyloric sphincter |
front 66 The hormone _____ is secreted by the small intestine in response to the presence of acidic chyme | back 66 secretin |
front 67 The enzyme that digests dietary starch is salivary or pancreatic | back 67 amylase |
front 68 List four components of gastric juice | back 68 water, pepsin, lipase, hydrochloric acid |
front 69 Describe the goal of the cephalic phase of gastric regulation | back 69 to prepare the stomach for the arrival of food |
front 70 _____ is the enzyme that digests lipids. It has lingual, gastric, and pancreatic forms | back 70 lipase |
front 71 Water is absorbed through the process of _______, following the absorption of salts and organic nutrients | back 71 osmosis |
front 72 The enzymes that hydrolyzes nucleic acids into nucleotides are called ________ | back 72 nucleases |
front 73 List the components of the pulp found within teeth | back 73 loose connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves |
front 74 The forceful ejection of stomach and intestinal contents from the mouth is called | back 74 vomiting |
front 75 Name the phase of gastric regulation that occurs in response to food in the stomach | back 75 gastric phase |
front 76 List the four lobes of the liver | back 76 left, caudate, right, and quadrate lobe |
front 77 The tubular glands that open into the gastric pits of the initial region of the stomach are called ________ glands | back 77 cardiac |
front 78 The mucosa of the colon is primarily lined with _______ ______ epithelium | back 78 simple columnar |
front 79 Longitudinal ridges within the mucosa of the anal are called anal _______ | back 79 columns |
front 80 The part of the mesentary that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach is the ______ omentum | back 80 lesser |
front 81 Name the classes of nutrients that are absorbed without being digested | back 81 vitamins and minerals |