Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function: Chapter 25 The Digestive System Flashcards

The functions of the ____ cavity include ingestion, speech, and respriation

Name the three phases of gastric regulation

List, in order, the segments of the small intestine

The pancreatic islets are the ____ portion of the pancreas, while the majority of the pancreas is an _____ gland secreting enzymes and sodium bicarbonate

List the pancreatic enzymes that digest protein

When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth into the ____ before the esophagus

The selective intake of food is known as

_____ and _____ are absorbed into blood. ______ are absorbed into lymph.

List the purposes for small intestinal muscle contractions

The straight muscular tube conveying from food from pharynx to the stomach is the _____

The portion of the tooth that is exposed from the gum, that you can see is known as the ____ of the tooth

List in order the passage of bile from its point of secretion in the liver to the duodenum

As a group, the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are classified as ____ salivary glands

List examples of how the digestive system mechanically digests materials

The ______ _______ does not secrete digestive enzymes, but does absorb water and electrolytes

The enzyme _____ _____ begins starch digestion in the mouth

Describe goblet cells

List the components of intestinal juice secreted by the intestinal crypts

Name the liver function that contributes to the process of digestion

The hard noncellular secretion that covers the crown and neck of a tooth is the _____

List the components of bile

Identify the functions of saliva

Bile acids are recycled from liver to the small intestine and back via the ________ circulation

The portion of the stomach between the fundus and the pyloric regions is known as the _____

Describe the gallbladder

List functions of the cheeks and lips

The _____ nervous system is comprised of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses

List some of the functions of stomach acid

List the substances absorbed from the stomach

Name the stimulus for the defecation reflex

The _______ reflex involves the duodenum sending signals, typically inhibitory, to the stomach

The segment of the digestive tract found on the right side of the abdomen is the _____ colon

The hormone has a strong stimulatory effect on the gallblader

List the blood vessels that carry blood to the liver

Collectively, the teeth are known as the _____

An enzyme called gastric lipase digests dietary _____ in the stomach of infants

The conical projection that extends from posterior margin of the soft palate is called the _____

List the three layers of the muscularis externa of the stomach

Name the pancreatic secretion that is needed to neutralize the acid in the chyme arriving in the duodenum

An enzyme that is secreted in its inactive form is known as a ______

The term ______ means pertaining to the intestines

Name the hormone secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine that stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme release

The rhythmic, wave-like contraction of the smooth muscles of the digestive tract is known as ______

The spongy retroperitoneal gland posterior to the greater curvature of the stomach describes the

Name the function of the bile components lecithin and bile acids

List some of the functions of stomach acid

The S-shaped portion of the large intestine, located in the lower left quadrant, is the ____ colon

The term _____ refers to the group of enzymes that digest proteins

Glucose and galactose are moved into absorptive cells via _____ while fructose is absorbed by _______

List some components of saliva

The portions of the large intestine that are located in the pelvic cavity are the _____ and anal canal

The villi of the small intestine are best described as

A series of hydrolysis reactions that breaks dietary marcomolecules into monomers is known as ______ digestion

List the mechanisms that protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment

The salivary gland located just beneath the skin anterior to the earlobe is the ______ salivary gland

The upper _____ ______ is formed by the inferior pharyngeal constrictors

The inactive precursor of pepsin is

The valve at the junction of the small intestine to the large intestine is the _____ valve

Name the process by which large drops of fats are broken apart into smaller fat droplets

The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as _____

The large intestines begin with a pouch inferior to the ileocecal valve that is known as the

List three examples of hormones produced by the digestive tracts

Muscular contractions called ______ involve alternating ring-like constrictions at several places along the intestine

List the nervous components that mediate the defecation reflex

Name the muscular band that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum

The hormone _____ is secreted by the small intestine in response to the presence of acidic chyme

The enzyme that digests dietary starch is salivary or pancreatic

List four components of gastric juice

Describe the goal of the cephalic phase of gastric regulation

_____ is the enzyme that digests lipids. It has lingual, gastric, and pancreatic forms

Water is absorbed through the process of _______, following the absorption of salts and organic nutrients

The enzymes that hydrolyzes nucleic acids into nucleotides are called ________

List the components of the pulp found within teeth

The forceful ejection of stomach and intestinal contents from the mouth is called

Name the phase of gastric regulation that occurs in response to food in the stomach

List the four lobes of the liver

The tubular glands that open into the gastric pits of the initial region of the stomach are called ________ glands

The mucosa of the colon is primarily lined with _______ ______ epithelium

Longitudinal ridges within the mucosa of the anal are called anal _______

The part of the mesentary that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach is the ______ omentum

Name the classes of nutrients that are absorbed without being digested