front 1 Posssible causes of hypoxia include a. too little oxygen in the atmosphere b. obstruction of the esophagus c. taking several rapid deep breaths | back 1 a. too little oxygen in the atmosphere |
front 2 Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing a. rising carbon dioxide levels b. rising blood pressure | back 2 b. rising blood pressure |
front 3 The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called.. a. reserve air b. expiratory reserve c. inspiratory reserve d. vital capacity | back 3 c. inspiratory reserve |
front 4 Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by.. a. osmosis b. diffusion c. filtration d. active transport | back 4 b. diffusion |
front 5 The larynx contains a. the thyroid cartilage b. a cricoid cartilage also called the adams apple | back 5 a. the thyroid cartilage |
front 6 How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood? a. chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin ad carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells b. as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells c. as carbonic acid in the plasma | back 6 b. as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells |
front 7 Which of the choice below is not a role of the pleura a. allows the lungs to inflate and deflate without friction b. help divide the thoracic cavity into into three chambers c. helps limit the spread of local infections d. aids in blood flow to and from the hear because the heart sits between the lungs | back 7 d. aids in blood flow to and from the hear because the hear sits between the lungs |
front 8 Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include a. thalamic control b. voluntary cortical control | back 8 b. voluntary cortical control |
front 9 The respiratory membrane is a combination of a. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts b. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes c. atria and alveolar sacs d. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs | back 9 b. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes |
front 10 Inspiratory capacity is a. the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration b. the total amount of exchangeable air | back 10 a. the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration |
front 11 The nose serves all the following function except a. as a passageway for air movement b. as the initiator of the cough reflex c. warming and humidifying the air d. cleansing the air | back 11 b. as the initiator of the cough reflex |
front 12 Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control. a. the pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration b. the dorsal respiratory group neurons depolarize in a rhythmic way to establish the pattern of breathing | back 12 a. the pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration |
front 13 Which of the choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin. a. partial pressure of oxygen b. temperature c. partial pressure of carbon dioxide d. number of red blood cells | back 13 d. the number of red blood cells |
front 14 The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the a. temperature is lower at higher altitudes b. basal metabolic rate is higher at high altitudes c. concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is higher at higher altitudes d. concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes | back 14 d. concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes. |
front 15 Which of the following is not possible a. gas flow equals pressure gradient over resistance b. pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance. | back 15 b. pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance |
front 16 Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood: a. during normal activity, a molecule of hemoglobin returning tp the lungs carries one molecule of O2 b. during conditions of acidosis, hemoglobin is able to carry oxygen more efficiently c. increased BPG levels in the red blood cells enhance oxygen-carrying capacity d. a 50% oxygen saturation level of blood retiring to the lungs might indicate and activity level higher than normal | back 16 d. a 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal |
front 17 Which of the following does not influence hemoglobin saturation a. temperature b. DPG c. carbon dioxide d. nitric acid | back 17 d. nitric acid |
front 18 The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type 1 and type 2. The function of type 2 is... a. secrete surfactant b. trap dust and other debris | back 18 a. secrete surfactant |
front 19 Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because no muscular contraction are involved. Expiration depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists those two factors? a. the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid b. the expansion of respiratory muscles that were contracted during inspiration and the lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall. c. the negative feedback or expansion fibers used during inspiration and the outward pull of surface tension due to surfactant d. combined amount of CO2 in the blood and air in the alveoli | back 19 a. the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid |
front 20 The statement "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressure of gases in the mixture" paraphrases.. a. henry's law b. boyle's law c. dalton's law d. charles' law | back 20 c. daltons law |
front 21 For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be a. at least 3 micrometers thick b. .5 to 1 micrometer thick c. between 5 and 6 micrometers thick d. the thickness of the respiratory membrane is not important in the efficiency of gas exchange | back 21 b. .5 to 1 micrometer thick |
front 22 The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is a. the loos of oxygen in tissues b. increase of carbon dioxide | back 22 b. increase of carbon dioxide |
front 23 In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is a. only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in dissolved form b. about equal to the oxygen combined with hemoglobin c. greater than the oxygen combined with hemoglobin d. not present except where it is combined with carrier molecules | back 23 a. only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in dissolved form |
front 24 Which of the following does not influence the increase in ventilation that occurs as exercise is initiated? a. psychic stimuli b. decrease in lactic acid | back 24 b. decrease in lactic acid |
front 25 which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2? a. pulmonary ventilation b. blood pH adjustment c. internal respiration d. external respiration | back 25 b. blood pH adjustment |
front 26 Which of the following determines lung compliance? a. airway opening b. flexibility of the thoracic cage c. muscles of inspiration d. alveolar surface tension | back 26 d. alveolar surface tension |
front 27 The lung volume that represents the goal volume of exchangeable air is the a. tidal volume b. vital capacity | back 27 b. vital capacity |
front 28 Respiratory control centers are located in the a. midbrain and medula b. medulla and pons c. pons and midbrain d. upper spinal cord and medulla | back 28 b. medulla and pons |
front 29 Which statement about CO2 is incorrect? a. its concentration in the blood is decreased by hypertension b. its accumulation in the blood is associated with a decrease in pH c. More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carries in the RBC's d. CO2 concentrations are greater in venous blood than arterial blood | back 29 More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBC's |
front 30 Select the correct statement about the pharynx.. a. the pharyngeal tonsil is located in the laryngopharynx b. the auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx c. the larnyngopharanx blends posteriorly into the nasopharynx | back 30 b. the auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx |
front 31 Which respiratory associated muscles would contract if you were to blow up a balloon? a. diaphragm would contract, external intercostals would relax b. internal intercostals and abdominal muscles would contract c. external intercostals would contract and diaphragm would relax | back 31 b. internal intercostals and abdominal muscles would contract |
front 32 Which of the following correctly describes mechanisms of CO2 transport? a. 7-10% of CO2 is dissolved directly into the plasma b. 20% of CO2 is carried in the form of carbaminogemoglobin c. as bicarbonate ion in the plasma d. attached to the heme part of hemoglobin | back 32 d. attached to the heme part of hemoglobin |
front 33 Which of the following provides the greatest surface area for gas exchange a. alveolar sacs b. alveoli c.respiratory bronchioles d. alveolar ducts | back 33 b. alveoli |
front 34 Gas emboli may occur because a a. person holds his breath too long b. diver holds his breath upon ascent c. pilot hold her breath upon descent | back 34 b. diver holds his breath upon ascent |
front 35 The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are a. the smooth muscles of the lung b. the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone c. the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs d. surface tension for pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity | back 35 d. surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity |
front 36 Most inspired particles such as dust fail the reach the lungs because. a. ciliated mucous lining in the nose b. abundant blood supply to nasal mucosa | back 36 a. ciliated mucous lining in the nose |
front 37 Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation a. decrease in compliance causes an increase in ventilation b. a lung that is less elastic will require less muscles action to perform adequate ventilation c. as alveolar surface tension increases, additional muscle action will be required d. surfactant helps increase alveolar surface tension | back 37 c. as alveolar surface tension increases, additional muscles action will be required |
front 38 Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? a. solubility in water b. partial pressure gradient c. the temperature d. molecular weight and size of the gas molecule | back 38 b. partial pressure gradient |
front 39 Tidal volume is air a. remaining in the lungs after forced expiration b. exchanged during normal breathing c. inhaled after normal inspiration d. forced expelled after normal expiration | back 39 b. exchanged during normal breathing |
front 40 Which of the following is not true of the respiratory tract from the medium bronchi to the alveoli? a. cartilage gradually decreases and disappears at the bronchioles b. resistance to air flow increases due to the increase in cross section diameter c. proportionally, smooth muscle decreases uniformly | back 40 b. resistance to air flow increases due to the increase in cross sectional diameter |
front 41 Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer? a. adenocarcinoma b. Kaposi's sarcoma c. small cell carcinoma d. squamous cell carcinoma | back 41 b. Kaposi's sarcoma |
front 42 Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs a. the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid d. compliance and transpulmonary pressures c. the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and transpulmonary pressures d. compliance and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid | back 42 a. the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid |
front 43 nerve impulses from___ will result in inspiration a. the ventral respiratory group b. the chemoreceptor c.Broca's center d. the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus | back 43 a. the ventral respiratory group |
front 44 With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) a. decrease in pH(acidosis) strengthens the hemoglobin oxygen bond b. decrease in pH(acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin oxygen bond c. increase in pH(alkalosis) strengthens the hemoglobin oxygen bond d. increase in pH (alkalosis) weakens the hemoglobin oxygen bond | back 44 b. decrease in pH(acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin oxygen bond |
front 45 The relationship between the pressure and volume of gases is given by a. Boyles law b. henry's law c. charles law d. daltons law | back 45 a. boyles law |
front 46 Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by a. humidifying the air before it enters b. warming the air before it enters c. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid d. protecting the surface of the alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations | back 46 c. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid |
front 47 Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is a. greater than the pressure of the atmosphere b. greater than the pressure in the atmosphere c. equal to the pressure in the atmosphere d. greater than the intra-alveolar pressure | back 47 b. greater than the pressure in the atmosphere |
front 48 Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea? a. surface tension of water b. surfactant c. cartilage rings d pseudostratified cilated epithelium | back 48 c. cartilage rings |
front 49 Which of the choices below is not a functional process preformed by the respiratory system? a. pulmonary ventilation b. transport of respiratory gases c. internal respiration d. pulmonary respiration | back 49 b. transport of respiratory gases |
front 50 The loudness of a person's voices depends on the a. thickness of vestibular folds b. length of the vocal folds c. strength of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles d. force with which air rushes across the vocal folds | back 50 d. force with which air rushes across the focal folds |