front 1 Organisms that cause disease, such as bacteria or fungi, are considered | back 1 pathogens |
front 2 Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are signs/symptoms that accompany | back 2 inflammation |
front 3 List the features of the skin that offer immunoprotection | back 3 presence of lactic acid continuous barrier to the external environment presence of defensins |
front 4 The lymphatic system's functions are | back 4 immunity, absorption of lipids, and fluid recovery |
front 5 A mast cell is very similar to the type of leukocyte called a _____. Both secrete histamine, heparin, and other chemicals involved in inflammation | back 5 basophil |
front 6 List three examples of antimicrobial proteins | back 6 defensins, interferon, complement |
front 7 List the correct order of lymphatic flow through a lymph node | back 7 afferent lymphatic vessel subcapsular sinus of the cortex sinuses of the cortex and medulla efferent lymphatic vessel |
front 8 Cells derived from blood monocytes that function as phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells are called | back 8 macrophages |
front 9 The type of defense that guards against a broad range of pathogens is ____ resistance | back 9 nonspecific |
front 10 Abnormal accumulation of non-inflammatory tissue fluid resulting in swelling of the tissue is known as | back 10 edema |
front 11 Lymphatic cells called NK (natural killer) cells are classified as | back 11 lymphocytes |
front 12 List three secondary lymphoid organs | back 12 spleen, lymph node, tonsils |
front 13 List the functions of a lymph node | back 13 site of B and T cell activation filtration of lymph |
front 14 Eosinophils secrete | back 14 superoxide |
front 15 Hematopoiesis occurs in the ____ bone marrow | back 15 red |
front 16 Name the cells that release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and hepain | back 16 mast cells, basophils |
front 17 Follow the flow of lymphatic fluid in the correct order beginning with the blood capillaries | back 17 blood capillaries interstitial spaces lymphatic capillaries lymphatic vessels lymphatic ducts internal jugular and subclavian vein junction |
front 18 Identify the body's largest lymphatic organ(s), located in the left hypochondriac region | back 18 spleen |
front 19 A ____ is the type of granulocyte with multi-lobed nucleus that serves especially to destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellular digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicals | back 19 neutrophil |
front 20 Name the cell that is found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphoid tissues that initiates immune responses by activating lymphocytes and secreting cytokines | back 20 dendritic cell |
front 21 Name the granulocyte that functions to destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellular digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicals | back 21 neutrophil |
front 22 Name the plasma proteins that make powerful contributions to both nonspecific resistance and specific immunity | back 22 complement |
front 23 List the features of the tonsils | back 23 lymphatic nodules an incomplete fibrous capsule tonsillar crypts |
front 24 List some cells that are classified as lymphocytes | back 24 B cells T cells NK cells |
front 25 Name the cells that produces and secretes antibodies | back 25 plasma cells |
front 26 Distinct connective tissue capsules are found surrounding the lymphatic | back 26 organs |
front 27 The thymus is considered part of several body systems. Name these | back 27 endocrine, immune, and lymphatic systems |
front 28 Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies secreted by _____ cells | back 28 B |
front 29 Name the leukocyte that functions as an antibody-producing cell | back 29 plasma cell |
front 30 A cell that phagocytizes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface for recognition by other cells of the immune system is a ____ _____ cell | back 30 antigen presenting |
front 31 _____ T cells perform a central coordinating role in both humoral and cellular immunity | back 31 helper |
front 32 Name the term for an abnormal elevation in body temperature | back 32 fever |
front 33 Name the body system that functions to maintain fluid balance in the tissue, absorbs lipids, and protects against pathogens | back 33 lymphatic system |
front 34 List the events of B cell recognition and attack in the correct order | back 34 Immunocompetent B cells bind to antigen B cell internalizes/displays antigen on MHC-II to TH cell TH cells secrete interleukins which activate the B cell B cell undergoes clonal selection Differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells Plasma cells produce and secrete antibodes |
front 35 List the tissue which lack lymphatic vessels | back 35 bone marrow, cornea, central nervous system, and cartilage |
front 36 Describe lymphatic capillaries | back 36 close-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells |
front 37 The ____ line of defense consists of several nonspecific defense mechanisms against pathogens that break through the skin or mucous membranes | back 37 second |
front 38 Name three inflammatory mediators released by basophils and mast cells | back 38 heparin, histamine, and leukotriene |
front 39 ____ T cells attack and destroy infected body cells, cancerous cells, and the cells of transplanted tissues by secreting perforins and granzymes | back 39 cytotoxic |
front 40 Name the component of the lymphatic system that consists of unencapsulated aggregates of lymphocytes in the connective tissues and mucous membranes of various organs | back 40 lymphatic tissues |
front 41 The accumulation of dead cells, fluid, and tissue debris is called | back 41 pus |
front 42 Name the organ where T-cells mature | back 42 thymus |
front 43 Name the cells that produce the stroma of lymphatic organs | back 43 reticular cells |
front 44 The specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestines are the | back 44 lacteals |
front 45 Name some beneficial effects of fever | back 45 inhibition of bacterial and viral replication elevated metabolic rate elevated interferon activity |
front 46 Name the leukocyte that transforms into a macrophage when it moves from the blood into the tissues | back 46 monocyte |
front 47 The third line of defense against pathogens is | back 47 the immune system's specific defenses |
front 48 List the mechanisms used by eosinophils to kill parasites | back 48 producing hydrogen peroxide producing superoxide anion |
front 49 The fluid contained in lymphatic vessels, which originates as tissue fluid, is called | back 49 lymph |
front 50 The first line of defense against pathogens consist of | back 50 external barriers |
front 51 List the features of lymphatic vessels | back 51 smooth muscle in vessel wall valves present tunica interna present |
front 52 _____ T cells are descended from the cytotoxic T cells and are responsible for memory in cellular immunity | back 52 memory |