Why do mammographers generally receive very little radiation exposure?

The type of radiation used is different than in general radiography

There is more shielding used in the construction of mammography rooms

The low levels of kVp produce very little scatter

Mammographers always wear lead aprons

The low levels of kVp produce very little scatter

Doubling the mAs used to produce a radiograph will deliver _________ the ESE (Entrance Skin Exposure.)

One fourth

One half

Two times

Four times

Two times

Which of the following are examples of inherent filtration?
1. Glass envelope of x-ray tube
2. Insulating oil around x-ray tube
3. Aluminum sheets near tube window

1 only

3 only

1 &2

1, 2, & 3

1 &2

Which of the following protective devices on fluoroscopic equipment helps reduce unnecessary radiation to the patient?

1. Collimator

2. Protective lead curtain

3. Dead-man switch

1 only

2 only

1 & 2 only

1 & 3 only

1, 2, & 3

1 & 3 only

Which of the following are symptoms of the hematologic syndrome?
1. Vomiting, diarrhea
2. Malaise, lethargy
3. Seizures
4. Disorientation

1 & 3

2 & 3

1 &2

1, 2 & 3

1, 2, 3 & 4

1 &2

The quality of an x-ray beam can be expressed as:

Half-value layer

Output in mR per minute

Inherent filtration

mAs

Half-value layer

Sources of natural radiation include:
1. Cosmic radiation

2. Background radiation

3. Leakage radiation

1 only

1 and 2

2 and 3

1, 2, and 3

1 and 2

To reduce patient exposure during pulse mode fluoroscopy,_ should be chosen.

Highest rnA

Smallest pulse width

Lower kVp

Reduced SSD

Smallest pulse width

Which of the following combinations would be necessary for a barrier utilized for radiation protection purposes?

Low atomic number and low density (grams/cc.)

Low atomic number and high density (grams/cc.)

High atomic number and low density (grams/cc.)

High atomic number and high density (grams/cc.)

High atomic number and high density (grams/cc.)

Genetic effects of radiation would be seen in:

Newborn patient who had been radiated as a fetus

Radiologic technologists

The individual who was irradiated

The offspring of an irradiated individual

The offspring of an irradiated individual

The radiation dose to an individual will increase __ if the time spent in the same position doubles.

2 times

4 times

8 times

16 times

2 times

Beam collimation helps reduce the incidence of___________interactions resulting in decreased scatter from the patient.

Classical

Thompson

Photoelectric

Compton

Compton

In reference to the diagram of a photo-stimulable phosphor imaging plate below. The letter A is beside _______________ layer.

Protective

Phosphor

Support

Conductor

Protective

In reference to the diagram of a photo-stimulable phosphor imaging plate below. The letter A is beside _______________ layer.

Protective

Phosphor

Support

Conductor

Protective

In reference to the diagram of a photo-stimulable phosphor imaging plate below. Which letter
refers to the phosphor layer?

Letter A

Letter B

Letter C

Letter E

Letter B

Which of the following could be used to check the timer on a three- phase x-ray machine?

Spinning top

Motorized spinning top

Step wedge

Sensitometer

Motorized spinning top

The reason most x-ray tubes contain two filaments is to provide:

Two focal spot sizes

The ability to rotor and expose

High and low voltage

High and low amperage

Two focal spot sizes

Grids are generally recommended for _________x-rays with CR imaging plates due to their great sensitivity to scatter radiation.

1. Finger

2. Femur

3. Portable Abdomen

1

2

3

2 & 3

1,2, & 3

2 & 3

The normal image intensifier tube is a glass envelope that has been:

Gas filled

Air filled

Gas evacuated

Liquid filled

Gas evacuated

Which of the following operates most effectively with direct current?

Transformer

Autotransformer

X-ray tube

X-ray tube

Limiting the primary beam can reduce the exposure outside the x-ray field by up to _
times.

4

25

50

100

100

In linear tomography, as the exposure angle (amplitude, arc) increases the:

Section thickness increases

Patient dose decreases

Contrast resolution decreases

Section thickness decreases

Section thickness decreases

Which of the following types of motors is utilized to rotate the anode in the x-ray tube?

Direct current

Synchronous motor

Induction motor

Induction motor

The phosphor in the PSP_______________during the x-ray exposure.

Emits a laser light

Converts x-rays directly to an electronic signal

Traps electrons

Converts light directly to an electronic signal

Traps electrons

The increased efficiency of rare earth intensifying screens over those constructed of calcium tungstate is due to the:

Increased ability of the phosphor to absorb x-rays

Utilization of larger crystals

Utilization of a thicker layer of crystals

Incorporation of a dye in the emulsion

Increased ability of the phosphor to absorb x-rays

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image receptor as the original set of exposure factors.

500 mA ________ mA
.12 second .20 second
200 film/screen speed 100 film/screen speed

100

200

300

400

600

600

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image receptor as the original set of exposure factors.

400 mA 200 mA
.05 second _____ second
8:1 Grid 5:1 Grid

.05

.08

.16

.32

.50

.05

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image receptor as the original set of exposure factors.

400 mA ________ mA
.20 second .20 second
70 kVp 80 kVp

100

200

300

400

600

200

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image receptor as the original set of exposure factors.

300 mA 200 mA
.05 second _____ second
35” SID 50”SID

.02

.04

.07

.12

.15

.15

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image receptor as the original set of exposure factors.

400 mA 200 mA
.05 second _____ second
90 kVp 104 kVp

8:1 Grid 5:1 Grid

.007
.01
.025
.5
.75

.025

A portable radiograph of the femur is obtained utilizing the following exposure factors:
100 rnA, 1/4 sec., 70 kVp, 40" SID, and no grid.

Due to the situation, a 50" SID is to be utilized. In order to maintain the same exposure to the IR, the mAs should be adjusted to:

5 mAs

10 mAs

20 mAs

Correct!

40 mAs

60 mAs

40 mAs

Which of the following structures of the eye is considered the most radiosensitive?

Cornea

Iris

Lens

Optic nerve

Lens

A portable radiograph of the femur is obtained utilizing the following exposure factors:

100 rnA, 1/4 sec., 70 kVp, 40" SID, and no grid. Due to the situation, a 50" SID is to be utilized. In order to maintain the same exposure to the IR, the mAs should be adjusted to: what would be the resultant effect to recorded detail?

Increase

Decrease

Remain the same

Increase

A portable radiograph of the femur is obtained utilizing the following exposure factors:
100 rnA, 1/4 sec., 70 kVp, 40" SID, and no grid.
Due to the situation, a 50" SID is to be utilized. What would be the resultant effect to magnification?

Increase

Decrease

Remain the same

Decrease

A portable radiograph of the femur is obtained utilizing the following exposure factors:
100 rnA, 1/4 sec., 70 kVp, 40" SID, and no grid. Which of the following changes would result in production of a shorter scale of film contrast while maintaining the same exposure to the IR?

Utilize a 5:1 grid and increase the mAs to 50

Decrease the SID to 35" and increase time to 1/5 sec.

Increase the kVp to 80 and decrease the rnA to 50

Increase the SID to 50" and increase the rnA to 200

Utilize a 5:1 grid and increase the mAs to 50

A portable radiograph of the femur is obtained utilizing the following exposure factors:
100 rnA, 1/4 sec., 70 kVp, 40" SID, and no grid. Which of the following would describe the resultant effect of utilizing a 5:1 grid and increasing the mA to 200?
(1) Exposure to the IR would not be affected
(2) Increased recorded detail
(3) Increased magnification

1

2

1 and 2

2 and 3

1, 2 and 3

1 and 2

Use of the high ratio grid depicted above would result in:

(1) Decreased production of scattered radiation
(2) Increased possibility of grid cut-off
(3) Increased absorption of scattered radiation

1

1 and 2

2 and 3

1 and 3

1. 2 and 3

2 and 3

The type of PACS storage with the fastest data transfer time is:

Near-line

Online

Offline

IHE

Online

Which of the following is going to have the greatest effect on definition?

Focal spot size

Screen speed

Use of grids

Motion

Motion

Which of the following pathological conditions may require a decrease in mAs or kVp to maintain an acceptable density?

1) Paget's disease (late stage)

2) Pulmonary emphysema

3) Osteoporosis

1

2

1 and 2

2 and 3

1, 2 and 3

2 and 3

The amount of exposure produced at a 40" SID is 90 mR per exposure. If all other factors remain the same, what would be the exposure in mR if the SID is increased to 60"?

25 mR

40 mR

90 mR

100 mR

200 mR

40 mR

The amount of exposure produced at a 40" SID is 90 mR per exposure. If all other factors remain the same, what would be the exposure in mR if the SID is increased to 60"?

25 mR

40 mR

90 mR

100 mR

200 mR

40 mR

The amount of exposure produced at a 40" SID is 90 mR per exposure. If all other factors remain the same, what would be the exposure in mR if the SID is increased to 60"?

25 mR

40 mR

90 mR

100 mR

200 mR

100 mR

Excessive __________ can drastically and negatively alter the data set and reduce the diagnostic quality of the digital image.

Windowing

Levelling

Scintillation

Windowing and Leveling

Windowing, Leveling, and Scinitillation

Windowing and Leveling

The protective drape on the fluoroscopic tower must contain ---mm lead equivalent.

.25

.5

1.0

2.5

.25

Temperature control in an automatic processor can be regulated by:

Water-mixing valve

Thermostatically controlled heating element

Heatexchanger

All of the above

All of the above

When adjusted, which of the following factors provides a direct proportional relationship with the number of x-rays produced?

mA

SID

kVp

Intensifying screen speed

Grid ratio

mA

Which of the following would affect the demonstration of the anode heel effect?

1. SID

2. mAs

3. IR size

1

2

1 and 2

1 and 3

1, 2 and 3

1 and 3

Increasing the SID with compensation of mAs to maintain exposure to their will result in an increase Of:

1) Film contrast

2) Recorded detail

3) Magnification

1
2
1 and 2
1 and 3
1, 2 and 3

2

The term used to describe recorded detail in digital imaging is:

Recorded detail

Digital detail

Spatial resolution

Digital distortion

Spatial resolution

Increasing the energy of the x-ray beam will result in:

Increased recorded detail

Reduction of quantum mottle

Production of a shorter scale of film contrast

Production of a longer scale of film contrast

Production of a longer scale of film contrast

Which of the following is considered a pre-processing function for digital radiography?

Windowing

Levelling

Histogram analysis

Annotation

Histogram analysis

The structure designated in the diagram as No. 1 is the:

Coronoid process

Coracoid process

Condyle

Styloid process

Neck

Condyle

The structure designated in the diagram as No. 3 is the:

Inion

Gonion

Bregma

Mentalprotuberance

Gonion

The structure designated in the diagram as No. 4 is the:

Mandibular notch

Mandibular condyle

Areolar process

Alveolar process

Alveolar process

Which of the following combinations would result in the least patient dose and the lowest amount of heat delivered to the anode?

Low mAs and low kVp

Low mAs and high kVp

High mAs and low kVp

High mAs and high kVp

Low mAs and high kVp

The structure designated in the diagram as No. 7 is the:

Condyle

Coronoid process

Mandibular notch

Coracoid process

Coronoid process

Which of the following would result in projecting the sternum within the heart shadow while eliminating superimposition of the spine?

PA projection

Right lateral projection

Right anterior oblique position

Left anterior oblique position

Right anterior oblique position

When positioning a patient for a supine pelvis film, the feet and legs are internally rotated to:

Demonstrate the lesser trochanters

Demonstrate the obturator foramen free of superimposition

Place the long axis of the femoral neck parallel to the film

Rotation of the feet and legs is not necessary for correct positioning

Place the long axis of the femoral neck parallel to the film

Which of the following would best demonstrate the sphenoid sinuses?

PA projection (Caldwell method)

Parietoacanthial projection (Waters method)

Submentovertex projection

AxiolateralOblique position (Law method)

Submentovertex projection

The function of a 5° cephalad tube angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is to:

Provide improved demonstration of the patella

Compensate for magnification of the medial femoral condyle

Compensate for magnification of the lateral femoral condyle

Provide improved demonstration of the intercondyloid fossa

Compensate for magnification of the medial femoral condyle

A palpable bony process located on the lateral surface of the wrist is the:

Radial head

Scaphoid

Ulnar styloid process

Radial styloid process

Radial styloid process

The lateral-border of the clavicle articulates with the:

Coracoid process

Coronoid process

Acromion process

Manubrium

Manubrial notch

Acromion process

Which of the central ray positions shown in the diagram will best demonstrate the radial head?

1

2

3

1 and 3

1

The central ray positions 1 and 3 can be used:

When the patient cannot extend elbow fully for obliques

To show occult fractures of the elbow

To show dislocations of the elbow

All of the above

All of the above

Which position/projection shows the right colic flexure without significant superimposition for a barium enema?

PA

RAO

LAO

Vental decubitus

RAO

The Sl unit for the rad is the:

Curie

Becquerel

Sievert

Gray

Gray

Which of the following structures of a thoracic vertebra articulate with the tubercle of a rib?

Spinous process

Transverse process

Body

Pedicle

Transverse process

A patient is positioned for a lateral projection of the skull. The mental point is closer to the film than the nasion. This could be compensated for by directing the central ray:

Cephalad

Caudad

Anterior

Posterior

Perpendicular to the film

Cephalad

Which of the following would best demonstrate the lateral malleolus free of superimposition?

AP projection

45 degree oblique position with medial rotation

45 degree oblique position with lateral rotation

Lateral projection

45 degree oblique position with medial rotation

Which of the following would best demonstrate the lateral malleolus free of superimposition?

AP projection

45 degree oblique position with medial rotation

45 degree oblique position with lateral rotation

Lateral projection

45 degree oblique position with medial rotation

Which of the following would be closest to the film for a lateral projection of the 5th finger demonstrating minimal distortion?
(1) Hamate (2) Distal radius (3) Distal ulna

1

2

1 and 2

1 and 3

2 and 3

1 and 3

From the lungs, blood is returned to the left atrium by the:

Left ventricle

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary veins

Aorta

Pulmonary veins

In order to provide maximum demonstration of the glenoid cavity, the body of the scapula should be:

Parallel with the IR

Perpendicular with the IR

At a 45 degree angle with the plane of the film

Parallel with the central ray

Parallel with the IR

The classification of body habitus which would include the highest percentage of the population is:

Asthenic

Hyposthenic

Hypersthenic

Sthenic

Sthenic

When performing a radiographic examination of the stomach, which position/projection demonstrates barium in the fundus?

RAO

PA

AP

Right lateral

AP

To demonstrate the lumbosacral junction with the patient in the lateral position, the central ray should be directed to:

The crest of the ilium

The anterosuperior iliac spine

A point 1 1/2" inferior to the iliac crest

A point 1 1/2" inferior to the ASIS

A point 1 1/2" inferior to the iliac crest

The junction of the frontal and two parietal bones is termed the:

Lambda

Glabella

Gonion

Bregma

Bregma

A linear dose-response relationship to radiation assumes that the response to radiation is:

Inversely proportional to the dose of radiation

Independent of the dose of radiation

Directly proportional to the dose of radiation

Variable, depending on the Quality Factor

Directly proportional to the dose of radiation

Which of the following would demonstrate the pisiform free of superimposition?

PA projection

AP projection

Lateral projection

Carpal tunnel projection

Carpal tunnel projection

Which of the following are NOT retroperitoneal structures?

Kidneys

Urethra

Ureters

Adrenal glands

Urethra

Which of the following areas refers to the popliteal area?

Medial knee

Lateral knee

Anterior knee

Posterior knee

Posterior knee

The structure designated as No. 1 on the radiograph is:

The superior articular process of the axis

The inferior articular process of the axis

The lateral masses of the atlas

The occipital condyles

The lateral masses of the atlas

The structure designated as No. 2 on the radiograph is the:

Odontoid process of the atlas

Odontoid process of the axis

Superior articular process of the axis

Inferior articular process of the axis

Odontoid process of the axis

Which of the following is parallel to the central ray for the radiograph?

Occlusal plane of the upper teeth

Occlusal plane of the lower teeth

Orbitomeatal line

Glabellomeatal line

Occlusal plane of the upper teeth

The radiographer should ___________ while performing an exam on an unconscious patient?

1. Use the patient's name

2. Tell the patient what you are do

3. Talk to the radiographer in the next room
Use the patient's name

Tell the patient what you are doing

Talk to the radiographer in the next room

1&2

1,2,& 3

1&2

The _____________pulse is the most accurate pulse measurement

Temporal

Radial

Femoral

Apical

Apical

If the gauge number of an IV needle is small, it means that the:

Diameter is larger

Diameter is smaller

Length is longer

Length is longer

Diameter is larger

Which of the following contrast medium characteristics would be less likely to cause adverse reactions in the patient?

Ionic

High iodine concentration

Low osmolality

High viscosity

Low osmolality

Which of the following could have a positive effect on reducing radiation exposure to the general population?

Computerized tomography machines

Tomography machines

Fluoroscopic machines

Automatic exposure controls

Automatic exposure controls

When helping a patient transfer from a wheelchair to the x-ray table, their __________
side should be closest to the x-ray table.

Right

Left

Strongest

Weakest

Strongest

A high diastolic blood pressure reading would be:

100/60 mm Hg

170/70 mm Hg

120/95 mm Hg

140/75 mm Hg

120/95 mm Hg

Radiographers do NOT usually record:

Administration of contrast

Exam results

Changes in patient status

Reactions to contrast media

Exam results

This disease enters and exits the human host via a vector.

Lyme's disease

HIV

Tuberculosis

Anthrax

Lyme's disease

Nitroglycerin is often taken by patients to relieve pectoris angina. What is the normal method of administration?

Oral

Sublingual

Intradermal

Intravenous

Sublingual

Which of the following precautions should be applied to all patients regardless of diagnosis and infection status?

Standard

Airborne

Droplet

Contact

Standard