front 1 Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans? | back 1 Candida albicans |
front 2 Opportunistic fungi | back 2 are normal microbiota for many individuals |
front 3 Which of the following statements about truly pathogenic fungi that cause systemic mycoses if FALSE? | back 3 they have the ability to form mycelial thalli that are very invasive |
front 4 Which of the following agars is preferred for the culture of fungi? | back 4 Sabouraud dextrose agar |
front 5 Which of the following techniques reveals the presence of fungal cells in tissues? | back 5 both KOH treatment and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining |
front 6 Which of the following is the most common pathogenic fungus affecting humans? | back 6 Aspergillus fumigatus |
front 7 Most mycoses are difficult to treat because | back 7 fungicides have numerous side effects, including cross-reactivity to human cells. |
front 8 All of the true pathogen fungi mentioned in this chapter are | back 8 members of the Ascomycota and are dimorphic |
front 9 Ocular histoplasmosis is an | back 9 type I hypersensitivity immune reaction |
front 10 What is the diagnostic structure produced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis? | back 10 "steering wheel" or "captains wheel" buds visible microscopically |
front 11 an elderly woman is experiencing fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing and a cough that occasionally brings up mucus containing blood. She reports having visited family in rural New Mexico over the Labor Day weekend. a GMS-stained sample from her lungs shows the presence of large spherules. Which of the following is the most likely infecting agent? | back 11 Coccidioides immitis |
front 12 Which of the following statements about Candida is FALSE? | back 12 it is easily treated with topical antifungals in immunocompromised patients |
front 13 An avid agrdener in eastern North America begins to have a fever and cough. A sample from her lungs contains yeast cells. She may be infected with | back 13 Blastomyces dermatitidis |
front 14 The most common disease produced in humans by Cryptococcus is | back 14 cryptococcal meningitis |
front 15 Which of the following fungal infections was rare prior to the AIDs epidemic? | back 15 Pneumocystis pneumonia |
front 16 Pneumocystis jiroveci is | back 16 an obligate parasite that cannot survive outside the lungs |
front 17 An immunocompromised patient has a severe nasal infection that has blocked his ability to breathe through his nose. A sample is taken from the nose is treated with KOH and is found to contain large hype with very few septa. Which of the following diseases may the the patient have? | back 17 zygomycosis |
front 18 Several new fungal opportunists have been found to infect AIDs patients including | back 18 Penicillium marneffei |
front 19 Ringworm is caused by | back 19 dermatophytes growing in the outer dead tissue layers of the skin (epidermis). |
front 20 Histoplasma capsulatum | back 20 is an intracellular parasite |
front 21 Which of the following dermatophytes infects hair as well as skin? | back 21 Trichophyton rubrum |
front 22 White patches on the surface of the tongue and the oral mucosa accompanied by inflammation and swelling are signs consistent with | back 22 thrush |
front 23 Which of the following fungal infections may progress to infection of the brain? | back 23 Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Mucor |
front 24 Superficial mycoses are more common that cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses because | back 24 only a few fungi are invasive |
front 25 A sample of the tissue from an inflamed pus-filled area on the lower leg is treated with KOH and stained with GMS. Under the microscope golden brown spheres are visible. With what disease are these observation consistent? | back 25 chromoblastomycosis |
front 26 Which of the following fungal infections can be contracted through thorn pricks or wood splinters? | back 26 Sporothrix schenckii |
front 27 Which of the following statements about Malassezia is FALSE? | back 27 It causes phaeohyphomycosis |
front 28 The monomorphic fungus Rhizopus is a | back 28 common bread mold and an opportunistic pathogen |
front 29 Mycetisumus is caused by | back 29 ingestion of toxic mushrooms |
front 30 Which of the following is referred to as the "death cap" mushroom? | back 30 Amanita phalloides |
front 31 Which of the following is a false morel that causes bloody diarrhea, convulsions, and death within two days? | back 31 Gyromitra esculenta |
front 32 Ergometrine, which is used to stimulate labor contractions, is a product of | back 32 Claviceps purpurea |
front 33 Which of the following statements is true of mycotoxicosis but NOT mycetismus? | back 33 the fungus is not present |
front 34 Psilocybin is a | back 34 toxin that acts as a hallucinogen |
front 35 Chronic inhalation of particular fungal allergens would lead to an | back 35 type III hypersensitivity reaction |
front 36 The subcutaneous infection known as ______ can produce a series of lesions spreading from the initial infection point resulting from the fungus' ability to invade the lymphatic vessels | back 36 sporotrichosis |
front 37 Chronic low-level ingestion of ______ may cause liver cancer. | back 37 aflatoxin |
front 38 Brown pigmented hyphae in specimens from cutaneous or subcutaneous lesions are characteristic of | back 38 phaeohyphomycosis |
front 39 Which of the following contributes to the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans? | back 39 the production of melanin and the presence of a phagocyte-resistant capsule |
front 40 Injuries wich introduce _____ into the subcutaneous tissuey result in mycetoma, a tumor-like abscess containing pus and fungus. | back 40 Pseudallescheria |
front 41 Pityriasis, characterized by patches of hyper pigmented and depigmented skin on the trunk and arms is due to cutaneous infection with | back 41 Malassezia furfur |
front 42 Infection of the skin by Trichophyton rubrum results in raised red scaly patches of skin, a condition known as | back 42 dermatophytosis |
front 43 Which of the following produces a hallucinogenic toxin? | back 43 Psilocybe cubensis |
front 44 The fungus _____ produces toxins which have beneficial clinical applications. | back 44 Claviceps purpurea |
front 45 Agricultural workers may develop respiratory problems resulting from _____ responses to fungal allergens. | back 45 either type I or type II hypersensitivities |
front 46 Most fungi exist as (parasites/ sparse/ autotrophs) and function as the major decomposers of organic material. | back 46 saprobes |
front 47 Infections with (dermatophytes/ pathogens/ opportunists) are commonly acquired by person -to-person direct contact. | back 47 dermatophytes |
front 48 the true pathogenic fungi responsible for systemic mycoses have (dimorphic/ monomorphic/ polymorphic) growth characteristics. | back 48 dimorphic |
front 49 A solution of (GMS/ KOH/ DIF) is used to dissolve keratin and cellular material in skin scrapings, leaving only the fungal cells for examination. | back 49 KOH |
front 50 The best strategy for preventing fungal disease is (avoidance/ vaccination). | back 50 avoidance |
front 51 The cell walls of fungi contain (cholesterol /ergosterol) which is a target of some anti fungal treatments. | back 51 ergosterol |
front 52 Blastomyces dermatitidis occurs in the (eastern/ central/ southwestern/ western) part of North America. | back 52 eastern |
front 53 The anti fungal agent (azalea/ echiocandins/ griseofulvin) interferes with microtubule formation and chromosome separation. | back 53 griseofulvin |
front 54 The presence of (hyphae/ spores/ spherules) in a sample from the lungs is diagnostic for coccidioidomycosis. | back 54 spherules |
front 55 Paracoccidioidomycosis occurs in Mexico and (North/ south) America. | back 55 South |
front 56 The production of distinctly (smooth/ bumpy/ spiny) spores is diagnostic for Histoplasma capsulate. | back 56 spiny |
front 57 Exposure to (Aspergillus/ Candida/ Microsporum) species most commonly causes only allergies. | back 57 Aspergillus |
front 58 Clusters of budding yeast and branching pseudohyphae are consistent with (candidiasis/ dermatophytosis/ pityriasis). | back 58 candidiasis |
front 59 The opportunistic infection known as (aspergillosis/ cryptococcosis/ sporotrichosis) may develop into a series of nodular, pus-filled lesions on a limb. | back 59 sporotrichosis |
front 60 Chronic infections of Malassezia furfur result in (pityriasis/ringworm). | back 60 pityriasis |