front 1 Recombinant DNA technology can be most accurately defined as the | back 1 deliberate modification of the genome of an organism for practical purposes. |
front 2 In the 20th century, scientists harnessed the natural metabolic reactions of bacteria to make _____ for the first time in an industrial setting. | back 2 acetone |
front 3 Which of the following items is NOT a part of the name of a restriction enzyme? | back 3 the gram reaction of the source bacterium |
front 4 The natural role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is to | back 4 protect the cell from invading phages |
front 5 A library of cloned sequences representing the expressed genes of an organism is known as a | back 5 gene library |
front 6 Which of the following restriction enzyme sites would produce blunt-ended fragments? | back 6 CCC ^ GGG |
front 7 Recent modifications of microbes have produced | back 7 microbes which facilitate extraction of metals from mining ores |
front 8 Which of the following statements regarding vectors is FALSE? | back 8 Vectors are generally over 100,000 base pairs in size |
front 9 Synthetic nucleic acids are useful as | back 9 DNA probes, primers, and antisense RNAs |
front 10 Mutagens are useful in biotechnology research for | back 10 producing organisms with altered phenotypes |
front 11 Which of the following is essential to PCR? | back 11 both DNA primers and DNA polymerase |
front 12 If a researcher used Escherichia coli DNA polymerase instead of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase in the PCR procedure, what would be the result? | back 12 DNA replication would stop after one cycle |
front 13 Which of the following would be an appropriate sequence of temperature for PCR? | back 13 94*C, 65 C , 72C |
front 14 If you started with a single DNA molecule, how many would you have at the end of six PCR cycles? | back 14 64 |
front 15 In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the _____ electrode because they have an overall _____ charge. | back 15 positive; negative |
front 16 Which of the following procedures might be used to detect the presence of genetic sequences of a virus in a sample? | back 16 Southern blotting or PCR |
front 17 A northern blot differs from a Southern blot in the | back 17 type of nucleic acid being isolated |
front 18 Which method of inserting DNA into cells is illustrated in this figure? | back 18 protoplast fusion |
front 19 The DNA double helix can be separated into single strands using | back 19 either heat or NaOH |
front 20 The sequencing and analysis of an organism's genetic information is called | back 20 genomics |
front 21 Which of the following devices is used for PCR? | back 21 a thermocycler |
front 22 DNA fingerprinting can be used | back 22 for forensics and detection of uncultivable organisms. |
front 23 A researcher inserted DNA fragments from an organism into plasmids and introduced the modified plasmids into bacterial cells. Which of the following methods would be the most efficient means of identifying which clones contain a specific gene of interest? | back 23 use a labeled synthetic probe complementary to the gene sequence |
front 24 Subunit vaccines are safer than traditional vaccines because they | back 24 are acellular and do not pose a risk for causing the disease. |
front 25 Which of the following recombinant tools is NOT in DNA fingerprinting? | back 25 reverse transcriptase |
front 26 Transgenic organisms | back 26 contain genes from other organisms |
front 27 Which of the following microbes produces a protein that kills a variety of insect pests? | back 27 Bacillus thuringiensis |
front 28 Synthetic nucleic acids are produced | back 28 using computer controlled machines to assemble a single strand nucleic acid. |
front 29 If all the following DNA fragments were analyzed on an electrophoresis gel, which one would migrate farthest from the negative electrode? | back 29 250 base pairs |
front 30 Which of the following procedures would be used to introduce DNA into a single mouse cell? | back 30 microinjection |
front 31 The procedure used to identify individuals by their unique genetic sequences is known as | back 31 DNA fingerprinting |
front 32 An effective tool for screening a large number of genetic sequences at once is know as | back 32 FISH |
front 33 Which of the following is generally NOT considered an ethical issue regarding recombinant DNA technology? | back 33 answering basic research questions |
front 34 Two men may be the father of a child. this figure shows the results of a DNA fingerprint analysis to determine paternity. M is the mother, C is the child, A and B are the two men. Which is the best interpretation of these results? | back 34 the man identified as B is probably the father |
front 35 Which of the following microbes has been genetically engineered to contain a protein that helps protect crops from freezing? | back 35 Pseudomonas |
front 36 Synthesis of cDNA requires the use of | back 36 reverse transcriptase |
front 37 Probes used for detecting genetic sequence are frequently composed of | back 37 synthetic nucleic acids and labeled conjugates, such as fluorescent dyes. |
front 38 ______ are used for cutting DNA molecules into fragments. | back 38 restriction enzymes |
front 39 A microarray is assembled using | back 39 single-stranded DNA and silicon chips |
front 40 Which of the following is NOT a goal of recombinant DNA technology? | back 40 making it possible to clone humans |
front 41 In Southern blotting, DNA molecules are immobilized on | back 41 nitrocellulose membranes |
front 42 _____ are used in the detection of DNA by FISH. | back 42 Synthetic DNAs and fluorescent tags |
front 43 Injecting DNA into cells can be accomplished using | back 43 micropipettes, or compressed air and gold beads. |
front 44 DNA encoding a normal gene is inserted into cells from a patient with a defective form of the gene. Recombinant cells are identified and isolated, and returned to the patients body. this is an example of? | back 44 gene therapy |
front 45 Some of the strongest opposition to the application of recombinant DNA technology concerns | back 45 modification of food crops |
front 46 The use of microbes to make practical products such as vaccines or hormones is called (genomics/ recombination/ biotechnology) | back 46 biotechnology |
front 47 A technique using fluorescent-tagged probes to detect specific DNA sequences in their natural locations is known as (FISH/ PCR/ BLOTTING) | back 47 FISH |
front 48 Nucleic acid molecules used to deliver new genes to cells are called (plasmids/victors/ clones). | back 48 vectors |
front 49 Restriction (enzymes/ proteases), first isolated from bacterial cells, cut DNA molecules at specific sites. | back 49 enzymes |
front 50 Short nucleic acid molecules used to locate complementary sequences in a larger population of molecules are called (probes/ primers/ vectors) | back 50 probes |
front 51 A set of clones representing the entire genome of an organism is known as a gene (recombinant/ map/ library). | back 51 library |
front 52 The northern blot is a technique used to detect specific RNA molecules in a larger population of molecules that have been separated by gel ( electroporation/ electrophoresis). | back 52 electrophoresis |
front 53 Small RNAs that bind to an mRNA and alter its expression are known as (antisense/ probes/ restriction) RNAs. | back 53 antisense |
front 54 The process of locating genes within the nucleic acid of an organism is called (genetic/ library/ clone) mapping. | back 54 genetic |
front 55 The insertion of foreign DNA directly into a cell's nucleus using a glass micro pipet is called (microporation/ electroporation/ microinjection). | back 55 microinjection |
front 56 Genetic (screening/ sequencing/ cloning) can be used to detect mutant genes associated with genetic diseases in individuals before any clinical symptoms are noted. | back 56 screening |
front 57 A DNA (library/ microarray) may be used to study the complex, changing patterns of mRNA production in an organism. | back 57 microarray |
front 58 Beta-carotene, the biochemical precursor to vitamin A, can be added to rice by using (biotechnology/ cloning/ recombinant) DNA technology, thereby increasing its nutritional value. | back 58 recombinant |
front 59 Study of the genome of Deinococcus radiodurans may provide insight into preventing or correcting genetic damage resulting from (radiation/ mutation). | back 59 radiaton |
front 60 Vectors usually contain genetic (markers/sequences) such as antibiotic genes or fluorescent tags. | back 60 markers |