Print Anatomy of the Arteries of the Trunk - Lecture 5 flashcards - Easy Notecards

Print Options

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing

Print the notecards
Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together

To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

16 notecards = 4 pages (4 cards per page)

Anatomy of the Arteries of the Trunk - Lecture 5

front 1 Define the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation	back 1 Pulmonary circulation is this which involves the SVC, IVC, RA, RV, Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries in which deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation Systemic circulation involves the pulmonary veins, LA, LV and aorta, in which oxygenated blood is distributed around the rest of the body, including the hear itself
front 2 Describe what an anastomoses is and the types that occur	back 2 Anatomoses A continuity between 2 larger vessels that allows blood to bypass the capillaries Close when there is an increased demand for oxygenation/provision of nutrients to a tissue area (as in the case of alimentary anatomoses) Types Artery - Artery Such as Inferior and Superior epigastric arteries Ductus arteriosus from the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta within the fetus Vein - vein Cardiac veins have an extensive network Artery - vein Erectile tissue in penis Alimentary mucous membrane
front 3 Briefly outline what a portal system is	back 3 A portal system is where a vein or arteriole connect two capillary networks, one capillary bed drains into another This occurs in the hepatic portal system in which the hepatic portal veins connect capillaries of the intestine to liver sinusoids (capillaries) The efferent arteriole in the kidney glomerulus, drains glomerular capillaries of the kidney into peritubular capillaries around cortical renal tubes
front 4 What is meant by a vasa vasorum	back 4 The connection of blood vessels that surround larger blood vessels (such as arteries) and supply the vascular smooth arterial muscle with blood Seen as a tracery of fine purple thread on the outer surface of arteries The arterial blood within the vasa vasorum is from the artery itself (vasa vasorum internae) Venous drainage occurs back into the artery Undergo pathological changes in réponse to infection, artherosclerosis or injury

front 5 Why don't arteries have valves	back 5 In the arterial system there is enough +ve pressure to prevent back flow of blood Valves only occur at the pulmonary and aortic valve, though these are needed to allow proper systole to occur Veins have valves as at times there can be -ve pressure within them which would cause a back flow of blood
front 6 Describe the function and location of the pulmonary veins are arteries	back 6 R.Pulmonary artery Posterior to aortic arch and SVC Anterior to trachea and bronchi L.Pulmonary artery Anterior to descending aorta and L.principle bronchus Connects to inferior arch of aorta via ligamentum arteriosum Pulmonary veins 2 from each lung drain into LA No valves present
front 7 Describe the branches that arise from the ascending aorta	back 7 L. and R. Coronary arteries From aortic sinuses RCA In right atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus) Branches to R.marginal and Posterior interventricular LCA Branches to Anterior interventricular, L.marginal, Circumflex
front 8 Describe the branches that arise from the arch of the aorta	back 8 Right side of aortic arch Brachiocephalic trunk which gives rise to R.Subclavian and R.Common Carotid Left side of aortic arch L.Common Carotid and L.Subclavian

front 9 Describe the features of the thoracic (descending) aorta	back 9 Anterior to vertebral column and azygous vein Oesophagus initially on the right then moves to the left inferiorly Lateral branches Posterior intercostal arteries (Vein, artery, Nerve from superior to inferior within the costal groove of the ribs) Anterior branches Bronchi Lungs Oesophagus Mediastinum Pericardium Superior phrenic Subcostal Descends into the diaphragm at T12
front 10 Describe the features of the abdominal aorta	back 10 Inferior Phrenic Paired Originates just below the diaphragm, supplies it from below At T12 posteriorly Parietal Celiac Large anterior branch Upper L1 Visceral Divides into L.Gastric, Hepatic and Splenic Superior mesenteric Large anterior just below celiac trunk Lower L1 Visceral Middle suprarenal Paired posterior To adrenal gland L1 Visceral Renal Paired Large from side of aorta Supplies kidney Arises in transpyloric plane L1-2 Visceral Gonadal Ovarian artery in females, testicular artery in makes Lateral and paired Directed Inferiorly Visceral L2 Lumbar 4 on either side to supply abdominal wall and SC Posterior and paired L1-4 Parietal Inferior mesenteric Large anterior branch L3 Visceral Median sacral Arising from middle of the aorta at its lowest part L4 Parietal Commom iliac Bifurcates the supply lower limbs and pelvis The ending of the abdominal aorta Terminal Paired L4 Internal Supplies mostly inside of pelvis External Passes through femoral canal to form Femoral artery Inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac arteries branch off before femoral canal Inferior Epigastric anastomoses with Superior Epigastric
front 11 What is the thoracic wall	back 11 It is the boundary of the thoracic cavity
front 12 Describe the functioning of the Internal Thoracic Artery (Internal Mammary Artery)	back 12 Arises from the subclavian artery Runs down the postero-lateral sides of the sternum, outside the parietal pleura and internally to the ribcage Between the transversus thoracus muscle posteriorly and the costal cartilages and innermost intercostal muscles anteriorly Branches to adjacent thoracic structure Pericardiophrenic - runs with phrenic nerve to pericardium Thymic Sternal Mediastinal Pericardial 3-5 anastomose with posterior intercostal and bronchial artery to form subpleural mediastinal plexus Supplies anterior 6 intercostal spaces with the VAN (vein, artery, nerve) within the costal groove Internal thoracic terminates through its bifurcation to the musculophrenic artery and the superior epigastric artery Collateral branch of the posterior intercostal artery (Anterior Intercostal Artery) goes upon the superior border of the inferior rib

front 13 Describe the superior epigastric artery	back 13 The superior epigastric arises from the bifurcation of the internal thoracic artery at the level of 6th-7th costal cartilage Accompanied by the superior epigastric vein Anterior to the transverse abdominis muscle and perforates the rectus abdominis muscle Supplies anterior abdominal wall and some the the diaphragm Anastomoses with Inferior epigastric artery at the umbilicus
front 14 Describe the Inferior Epigastric Artery	back 14 Arises from external iliac artery above the inguinal ligament Anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery above the umbilicus and the lower intercostal arteries Pierces transversalis fascia, pases infant of linea semicircularis, between rectus abdominus and the posterior lamina of its sheath
front 15 Describe the musculophrenic artery	back 15 Provides the lowest 5 paired anterior intercostal arteries Provides fine branches to supply the superior anterior abdominal wall Anastomoses with the posterior intercostal arteries and the superior epigastric
front 16 Describe surface anatomy points of the thoracic and abdominal walls	back 16 Sternal angle = underside of aortic arch Centre point of manubrium = Brachiocephalic artery arises Sternoclavicular joint = 2cm above for internal thoracic artery from subclavian arteries 1cm Lateral to sternal margin = Internal throracic artery Transpyloric plane/L1 = Superior mesenteric artery, celiac trunk 1cm superiorly L3 = Inferior mesenteric artery, 3-4cm above aortic bifurcation L4 = Aortic bifurcation into common iliac arteries