front 1 An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from
outside to inside: | back 1 serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa. |
front 2 The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: | back 2 papillae. |
front 3 Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? | back 3 filiform |
front 4 The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is: | back 4 cementum. |
front 5 The greatest proportion of the tooth shell consists of: | back 5 dentin. |
front 6 A permanent set of teeth normally consists of ______ teeth. | back 6 32 |
front 7 Which of the following structures controls the opening of the stomach into the small intestine? | back 7 pyloric sphincter |
front 8 In the stomach, hydrochloric acid is secreted by the: | back 8 parietal cells. |
front 9 Which of the following is not associated with the large intestine? | back 9 pyloric sphincter |
front 10 The longest portion of the small intestine is the: | back 10 ileum. |
front 11 The contents of the stomach are emptied into the: | back 11 cecum |
front 12 The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the: | back 12 descending colon. |
front 13 The brush border of the intestinal mucosa consists of: | back 13 microvilli. |
front 14 All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the: | back 14 mouth |
front 15 The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: | back 15 mesentery |
front 16 The hard palate consists of portions of: | back 16 four bones: two maxillae and two palatines. |
front 17 Bile salts aid in the absorption of: | back 17 fats. |
front 18 Bile is secreted by: | back 18 hepatic cells. |
front 19 Which of the following is not a function of the liver? | back 19 secretion of insulin |
front 20 Which of the following organs is classified as a dual gland (both exocrine and endocrine)? | back 20 pancreas |
front 21 The hormone glucagon is produced by: | back 21 alpha cells. |
front 22 Main Organs of the digestive system | back 22 Begins with the mouth pharynx, esophagus stomach GI tract small intestine (most of the absorption occurs in small intestine) and Large intestine |
front 23 Major organs that contribute | back 23 *Pancreas (exocrine glands) *Liver (bile) |
front 24 Neural | back 24 A.)Enteric Nervous Sytem B.) Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus |
front 25 Hormonal | back 25 Hormones secreted mainly by endocrine cells scattered in the epithelium of the stomach and small intestine. ◦ Includes secretin, choecystokinin and gastrin. ◦ Still not fully understood. |
front 26 Accessory Organ of the digestive system | back 26 a. salivary glands b.tongue c.teeth d.liver e. gallbladder f. pancreas g. appendix |
front 27 Primary Functions Digestion | back 27 breakdown of nutrients ( complex to simple) |
front 28 absoprtion | back 28 -passage of nutrients to blood -majority in SI |
front 29 Elimination | back 29 -removal of wastes from digestive system -functionof LI |
front 30 purposes of digestion | back 30 1. absorption 2.metabolism |
front 31 Mouth MASTICATION, Chewing (MOUTH: TEETH/TONGUE) | back 31 Mechanism ◦ Processes: #1 & 2 Motility (Mixing and moving) |
front 32 SALIVA | back 32 ◦ Moistens food and lubrication ◦ Digestive enzyme to break down complex carbs (amylase) ◦ Dissolve food ◦ Antibacterial properties |
front 33 DEGLUTITION, Swallowing (MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS) | back 33 Movement of Food Bolus from Mouth Back of Pharynx Esophagus Stomach |
front 34 3 stages of deglutition ( swallowing) ORAL STAGE (MOUTH TO OROPHARYNX) | back 34 ◦ Voluntary (Cerebral Cortex) ◦ Tongue pushes food bolus |
front 35 3 stages of deglutition ( swallowing) PHARYNGEAL STAGE (OROPHARYNX TO ESOPHAGUS) | back 35 ◦ Involuntary (Nervous Reflex: Reflex Center = Deglutition Center) ◦ Requires Closure of 3 Openings: 1) Fauces (By Tongue) 2) Nasopharynx (By Soft Palate, Uvula) 3) Larynx (By Epiglottis) |
front 36 ESOPHAGEAL STAGE (ESOPHAGUS TO STOMACH) | back 36 ◦ Involuntary (Nervous Reflex) ◦ Involves Peristalsis |
front 37 PERISTALSIS (ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE) | back 37 Wavelike Muscle Contractions ◦ Progressive ◦ Organs Involved ◦ Involuntary (Nervous Reflex) ◦ Purpose: Motility (process |
front 38 WALL OF THE GI TRACT (DIGESTIVE TUBE PROPER) | back 38 LAYERS ( INNERMOST TO OUTERMOST) |
front 39 MUCOSA | back 39 INNERMOST (LINING) |
front 40 SUBMUCOSA | back 40 CT ( SUPPORTS; BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES |
front 41 MUSCULARIS MUSCLE TYPE | back 41 SMOOTH |
front 42 MUSCLE LAYERS | back 42 CIRCULAR,LONGITUDINAL ( NERVES B/T) |
front 43 SEROSA | back 43 OUTERMOST( COVERING ) AKA VISCERAL PERITONEUM |
front 44 MOUTH ( ORAL/ BUCCAL CAVITY) COMPOSED OF 4 STRUCTURES | back 44 COMPOSED OF 4 STRUCTURESA. |
front 45 LIPS- ANTERIOR BOUNDARY OF ORAL CAVITY | back 45 1.PHILTRUM- SHALLOW VERTICAL GROOVE IN MIDLINE ABOVE THE UPPER LIP 2.ORAL FISSURE- LINE OF CONTACT BETWEEN CLOSED LIPS |
front 46 CHEEKS- LATERAL BOUNDARIES OF THE ORAL CAVITY | back 46 1.BUCCINATOR MUSCLE -MAJOR CHEEK MUSCLE |
front 47 2. BUCCAL GLANDS- | back 47 -MUCOUS GLANDS; LOCATED WITHIN CHEEKS -SECRETE MUCOUS INTO ORAL CAVITY |
front 48 HARD SOFT PALLETE | back 48 -ROOF OF THE ORAL CAVITY |
front 49 1. HARD PALATE | back 49 -BONE ( 2 MAXILLARY AND 2 PALATINE) |
front 50 SOFT PALATE | back 50 - MUSCLE ) BEHIND THE HARD PALATE |
front 51 FAUCES | back 51 OPENING BETWEEN ORAL CAVITY AND OROPHARNYX |
front 52 UVULA | back 52 CONE SHAPED STRUCTURE SUSPENDED FROM CENTER OF CONE PALATE. |
front 53 TONGUE- | back 53 FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY |
front 54 TONGUE MUSCLE | back 54 2 TYPES |
front 55 INTRINSIC ( INTERNAL) | back 55 -COMPOSE OF THE TONGUE ( ORIGIN AND INSERTION WITHIN TONGUE) note( the tongue is a solid mass of skeletal muscle covered with mucous membrane. function: TONGUE MANEUVERABILITY ( ABILITY TO CHANGE SIZE AND SHAPE; IMPORTANT IN CHEWING AND SPEECH) |
front 56 An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from
outside to inside: | back 56 serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa. |
front 57 The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: | back 57 papillae |
front 58 Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? | back 58 filiform |
front 59 The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is: | back 59 cementum |
front 60 The greatest proportion of the tooth shell consists of: | back 60 dentin. |
front 61 A permanent set of teeth normally consists of ______ teeth. | back 61 32 |
front 62 Which of the following structures controls the opening of the stomach into the small intestine? | back 62 pyloric sphincter |
front 63 In the stomach, hydrochloric acid is secreted by the: | back 63 parietal cells. |
front 64 Which of the following is not associated with the large intestine? | back 64 pyloric sphincter |
front 65 The longest portion of the small intestine is the: | back 65 ileum. |
front 66 The contents of the stomach are emptied into the: | back 66 duodenum. |
front 67 Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine? | back 67 cecum |
front 68 The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the: | back 68 descending colon. |
front 69 The brush border of the intestinal mucosa consists of: | back 69 microvilli. |
front 70 All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the: | back 70 mouth |
front 71 The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: | back 71 mesentery |
front 72 The hard palate consists of portions of: | back 72 four bones: two maxillae and two palatines. |
front 73 Bile salts aid in the absorption of: | back 73 fats. |
front 74 Bile is secreted by: | back 74 hepatic cells. |
front 75 Which of the following is not a function of the liver? | back 75 secretion of insulin |
front 76 Which of the following organs is classified as a dual gland (both exocrine and endocrine)? | back 76 pancreas |
front 77 The hormone glucagon is produced by: | back 77 alpha cells. |