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41 notecards = 11 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Chapter 18 - Cardiovascular System: The Heart Part A

front 1

Where is the heart located?

back 1

In the mediastinum between the second rib and fifth intercostal space

front 2

What is the double-walled sac that encloses the heart?

back 2

pericardium

front 3

What is the superficial layer of the pericardium called?

back 3

fibrous pericardium

front 4

What protects, anchors, and prevents overfilling of the heart?

back 4

fibrous pericardium (superficial layer)

front 5

What is the deep, two-layered level of the pericardium?

back 5

serous pericardium

front 6

Layers of the heart wall: what is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium?

back 6

epicardium

front 7

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart composed of crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue?

back 7

myocardium

front 8

Which layer of the heart is continuous with the endothelial lining of blood vessels?

back 8

endocardium

front 9

What are the chambers of the heart called?

back 9

atria and ventricles

front 10

What separates the two atria of the heart?

back 10

interatrial septum

front 11

What encircles the junction of the atria and ventricles?

back 11

coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)

front 12

What separates the two ventricles of the heart?

back 12

interventricular septum

front 13

Describe the circulation of the heart

back 13

right atrium to right ventricle to the lungs, to the left atrium to the left ventricle to all over the body

front 14

What supplies blood to the heart?

back 14

the coronary artery

front 15

What are the receiving chambers of the heart?

back 15

the atria

front 16

What are the discharging chambers of the heart?

back 16

the ventricles

front 17

What are the vessels entering the right atrium?

back 17

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus

front 18

What vessels enter the left atrium?

back 18

right and left pulmonary veins

front 19

What vessel leaves the right ventricle?

back 19

the pulmonary trunk

front 20

What vessel leaves the left ventricle?

back 20

the aorta

front 21

Which side of the heart is the pump for the pulmonary circuit?

back 21

right side

front 22

What circuit involves vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs?

back 22

pulmonary circuit

front 23

What side of the heart is the pump for the systemic circuit?

back 23

left side

front 24

What circuit involves vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues?

back 24

systemic circuit

front 25

Which circuit has oxygen poor, CO2 rich blood?

back 25

pulmonary circuit

front 26

Which circuit has oxygen rich, CO2 poor blood?

back 26

systemic circuit

front 27

Which circuit is a short, low-pressure circulation?

back 27

pulmonary

front 28

In which circuit does blood encounter much resistance in long pathways?

back 28

systemic

front 29

Which ventricle has a much thicker wall, reflecting its function?

back 29

left

front 30

What is thoracic pain caused by a fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium (cells are weakened)?

back 30

angina pectoris

front 31

What is a prolonged coronary blockage, where areas of cell death are repaired with noncontractile scar tissue?

back 31

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

front 32

What helps ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart?

back 32

the valves

front 33

Which valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract?

back 33

atrio-ventricular valves (AV)

front 34

What are the atrioventricular valves?

back 34

tricuspid (right) and mitral (left) valves

front 35

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

back 35

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

front 36

Where is the mitral valve located?

back 36

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

front 37

In which direction to the valves open?

back 37

towards the ventricles

front 38

What prevents backflow into the ventricles when the ventricles relax?

back 38

semilunar valves

front 39

What are the two semilunar valves?

back 39

aortic and pulmonary

front 40

Where does the aortic semilunar valve go?

back 40

to the lungs

front 41

Where does the pulmonary semilunar valve go?

back 41

to the aorta