Where is the heart located?
In the mediastinum between the second rib and fifth intercostal space
What is the double-walled sac that encloses the heart?
pericardium
What is the superficial layer of the pericardium called?
fibrous pericardium
What protects, anchors, and prevents overfilling of the heart?
fibrous pericardium (superficial layer)
What is the deep, two-layered level of the pericardium?
serous pericardium
Layers of the heart wall: what is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium?
epicardium
What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart composed of crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue?
myocardium
Which layer of the heart is continuous with the endothelial lining of blood vessels?
endocardium
What are the chambers of the heart called?
atria and ventricles
What separates the two atria of the heart?
interatrial septum
What encircles the junction of the atria and ventricles?
coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)
What separates the two ventricles of the heart?
interventricular septum
Describe the circulation of the heart
right atrium to right ventricle to the lungs, to the left atrium to the left ventricle to all over the body
What supplies blood to the heart?
the coronary artery
What are the receiving chambers of the heart?
the atria
What are the discharging chambers of the heart?
the ventricles
What are the vessels entering the right atrium?
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus
What vessels enter the left atrium?
right and left pulmonary veins
What vessel leaves the right ventricle?
the pulmonary trunk
What vessel leaves the left ventricle?
the aorta
Which side of the heart is the pump for the pulmonary circuit?
right side
What circuit involves vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs?
pulmonary circuit
What side of the heart is the pump for the systemic circuit?
left side
What circuit involves vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues?
systemic circuit
Which circuit has oxygen poor, CO2 rich blood?
pulmonary circuit
Which circuit has oxygen rich, CO2 poor blood?
systemic circuit
Which circuit is a short, low-pressure circulation?
pulmonary
In which circuit does blood encounter much resistance in long pathways?
systemic
Which ventricle has a much thicker wall, reflecting its function?
left
What is thoracic pain caused by a fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium (cells are weakened)?
angina pectoris
What is a prolonged coronary blockage, where areas of cell death are repaired with noncontractile scar tissue?
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
What helps ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart?
the valves
Which valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract?
atrio-ventricular valves (AV)
What are the atrioventricular valves?
tricuspid (right) and mitral (left) valves
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the mitral valve located?
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
In which direction to the valves open?
towards the ventricles
What prevents backflow into the ventricles when the ventricles relax?
semilunar valves
What are the two semilunar valves?
aortic and pulmonary
Where does the aortic semilunar valve go?
to the lungs
Where does the pulmonary semilunar valve go?
to the aorta