front 1 All members of a species in an area would be termed a | back 1 Population |
front 2 A CLASS may best be defined as a taxon composed of? | back 2 Order |
front 3 In the scientific name Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus refers to the___ | back 3 Genus |
front 4 Carl Woese based his system of classification on what criterion? | back 4 rRNA sequencing |
front 5 Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Influenzavirus H1N5 are examples of ____that have mutated to be different than the normal members of a species | back 5 Strain |
front 6 Woese classified the prokaryotes that lived in extreme environments such as in glaciers, deep see vents, and hot sulfur springs in Domain_____ | back 6 Archaea |
front 7 All the living organisms in an area together with all the abiotic factors in an area would be considered a(n)______ | back 7 Ecosystem |
front 8 In Whittaker's Five Kingdom classification scheme, bacteria are placed in Kingdom____ | back 8 Monera |
front 9 The scientific study of life | back 9 Biology |
front 10 Characteristics of life | back 10
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front 11 What kind of organization does atoms and molecules have? | back 11 Chemical organization |
front 12 Organelle, cell, tissue, organ and organ systems and organism fall in which category of organization? | back 12 Biological organization |
front 13 Species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere, ecosphere fall in which category of organization? | back 13 Ecological organization |
front 14 Ordered division of organisms into categories, based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences | back 14 Taxonomy |
front 15 Aristotle, Plato, and Linneaus came up with what taxonomic scheme? | back 15 Two Kingdom scheme |
front 16 Robert Whittaker came up with what taxonomic scheme? | back 16 Five Kingdom scheme |
front 17 Carl Woese came up with what taxonomic scheme? | back 17 Three domain scheme |
front 18 What taxonomic scheme was based on macroscopic characteristics? | back 18 Two kingdom scheme |
front 19 What taxonomic scheme was based on microscopic observation and form of nutrition? | back 19 Five Kingdom scheme |
front 20 Whittaker's five kingdom scheme | back 20
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front 21 Woese's three domain scheme | back 21
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front 22 The named taxonomic unit at any given level of classification | back 22 Taxon |
front 23 Hierarchy of Taxa | back 23
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front 24 Scientific nomenclature is also known as | back 24 Binomial nomenclature |
front 25 Origin of new species in evolution | back 25 Speciation |
front 26 May occur when gene flow is interrupted between populations of the existing species | back 26 Speciation |
front 27 Two main modes of speciation | back 27 Allopatric and sympatric |
front 28 Gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations | back 28 Allopatric |
front 29 Speciation take place in geographically overlapping populations | back 29 Sympatric |
front 30 Two species that occupy different habitats within the same area may encounter each other rarely, if at all, even though they are not isolated by obvious physical barriers such as mountain ranges | back 30 Habitat isolation |
front 31 Species that breed during different times of the day, different seasons, or different years cannot mix their gametes | back 31 Temporal isolation |
front 32 Courtship rituals that attract mates and other behaviors unique to a species are effective reproductive barriers, even between closely related species | back 32 Behavioral isolation |
front 33 Morphological differences can prevent successful mating | back 33 Mechanical isolation |
front 34 Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize the eggs of another species | back 34 Gametic isolation |
front 35 Process whereby a researcher chooses as correct the hypothesis that requires the fewest number of genetic changes to have occurred | back 35 Parsimony |
front 36 A grouping of species consisting of an ancestral species an all of its descendants is called a | back 36 Clade |
front 37 Criterion used to determine whether structures are considered to be homologous | back 37 Shared ancestry |
front 38 The protein coat of a virus is called a | back 38 Capsid |
front 39 Researcher who determined that the infectious agent of TMD was transmitted by contact with sap from a diseased leaf | back 39 Adolf Mayer |
front 40 Bacteriophages may be grown on nutrient agar True or False? | back 40 False |
front 41 Name characteristics that a cells lose when they are transformed by infection with a virus? | back 41 Density dependence and anchorage dependence |
front 42 All viruses have DNA and RNA in their core True or False? | back 42 False |
front 43 The genes of different parent species may interact and impair the hybrid's development | back 43 Reduced hybrid viability |
front 44 Producing sterile offspring | back 44 Reduced Hybrid fertility |
front 45 Some first-generation hybrids are viable and fertile, but when they mate with one another or with either parent species, offspring of the next generation are feeble or sterile | back 45 Hybrid breakdown |
front 46 Change over time, descent with modification; unequal reproductive success of individuals | back 46 Evolution |
front 47 Evolutionary history of a group of organisms | back 47 Phylogeny |
front 48 Branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships | back 48 Phylogenetic tree |
front 49 Analysis of how species may be grouped into clades | back 49 Cladistics |
front 50 Identified using shared derived characteristics | back 50 Clade |
front 51 Diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species | back 51 Cladogram |
front 52 A phylogenetic tree in which the lengths of the branches reflect the number of genetic changes that have taken place in a particular DNA or RNA sequence in various lineages | back 52 Phylogram |
front 53 Grouping of species derived from 2 or more ancestral forms | back 53 Polyphyletic |
front 54 Grouping of species that consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all , of its descendants | back 54 Paraphyletic |
front 55 A grouping of species consisting of an ancestral species and all its descendants. A clade | back 55 Monophyletic |
front 56 Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry | back 56 Homology |
front 57 Structures in different species that are similar due to common ancestry | back 57 Homologous structures |
front 58 Similarity between 2 species due to convergent evolution | back 58 Analogy |
front 59 Remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors | back 59 Vestigial structures |
front 60
| back 60 Viral characteristics |
front 61 These cells have density dependence and anchorage dependence | back 61 Normal cells |
front 62 Structure of viruses | back 62
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front 63 A membrane that cloaks the capsid | back 63 Viral envelope |
front 64 Surface glycoproteins for attachment to host receptors | back 64 Spikes |
front 65 Viral morphology (shapes) | back 65
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front 66 Viruses are classified by | back 66
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front 67 The ___ cycle of bacteriophage multiplication taken to completion always results in death of the host cell | back 67 Lytic cycle |
front 68 General term for a virus like West Nile Virus or Yellow Fever Virus carried by an arthropod vector such as a mosquito | back 68 Arbo virus |
front 69 During the lysogenic cycle, once a bacterial virus has incorporated into the host DNA, it is then referred to as a | back 69 Prophage |
front 70 Bacteriophage and animal virus multiplication are similar in most respects. What step is completely unique to animal virus | back 70 Uncoating |
front 71 Proteinaceous infectious particles that cause neurological diseases such as mad cow disease or CJD | back 71 Prions |
front 72 Chicken pox, shingles, mononucleosis, and cold sores are all caused by members of the same family of viruses. Give the correct name for the family. | back 72 Herpesvirus |
front 73 All Human Papilloma Viruses cause ___; several types also cause _____. | back 73 warts, cancer |
front 74 Method of transmission for Hepatitis B Virus | back 74 Bodily fluids |
front 75 A bullet-shaped animal virus that attaches to the nervous system for which a post exposure vaccine is a valid prevention method: | back 75 Rabies |
front 76 The bacterial cell wall of members of Domain Bacteria is composed of a unique combination of proteins and carbohydrates that is called: | back 76 Peptidoglycan |
front 77 Name one way the composition of the prokaryotic membrane differs from that of the eukaryotic membrane | back 77 Sterols in membrane |
front 78 HIV is _____ virus | back 78 Retrovirus |
front 79 What is the term for diseases of animals that can be spread to humans | back 79 Zoonosis |
front 80 Circular RNA molecules that infect plants | back 80 Viroids |
front 81 Diseases caused by prions | back 81 Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies |
front 82 Who proposed the model for Prion propagation? | back 82 Stanely Prusiner |
front 83 Different types of TSE | back 83 Bovine spongiform encephalopathies (mad cow disease) Kuru Scrapie Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease Variant cjd |
front 84 What is the individual cell size of prokaryotic cells? | back 84 0.5 - 5 micrometers in diameter |
front 85 What is the individual cell size of eukaryotic cells? | back 85 10 - 100 micrometers in diameter |
front 86 What ribosomes does prokaryotic cells have | back 86 70S Ribosomes |
front 87 What ribosomes does eukaryotic cells have | back 87 80S Ribosomes |
front 88 Long hair-like structure that serves as a "sex bridge" or connection between cells to allow horizontal gene transfer (conjugation) to occur. | back 88 Pilus |
front 89 Polysaccharide structure that encloses some prokaryotic cells and increases pathogenicity (virulence) by allowing the cell to attach to host tissues and helping the cell to evade phagocytosis by macrophages: | back 89 Capsule |
front 90 Rod shaped bacteria arranged as pairs are called? | back 90 Diplobacilius |
front 91 Round or spherical bacteria arranged in chains are called? | back 91 Streptococci |
front 92 Term used to describe a motile prokaryotic cell that has a flagellum at one end of the cell | back 92 Monotrichous |
front 93 A small circular extra chromosomal piece of DNA that may contain genes fro toxin production or antibiotic resistance; sometimes used as a vector in genetic engineering | back 93 Plasmid |
front 94 Stressful conditions such as the depletion on nutrients from the environment can cause some gram positive bacilli to form a protective structure known as a(n)_____ | back 94 Endospores |
front 95 Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes is equivalent to mitosis in eukaryotes. This prokaryotic division process is called _____ | back 95 Binary fission |
front 96 If the generation time for a bacterium is 20 minutes, how many cells would be in a culture that has been incubated for two hours if you started with eight cells? | back 96 512 cells |
front 97 A bacterium that has thick peptidoglycan in its cell wall would be what color after completion of the Gram Stain? | back 97 Purple |
front 98 A bacterium that has thin peptidoglycan in its cell wall would be what color after completion of the Gram Stain? | back 98 Pink |
front 99 A temporary union of two bacteria in which genetic material is transferred by migration of a plasmid from the donor to the recipient | back 99 Conjugation |
front 100 The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another resulting in a genetic change in the recipient cell | back 100 Transformation |
front 101 The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another by means of a virus | back 101 Transduction |
front 102 Photosynthetic organisms that capture light energy and use it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon | back 102 Photoautotrophs |
front 103 Cyanobacteria is an example of? | back 103 Example of photoautotrophs |
front 104 Oxidize inorganic substances | back 104 Chemoautotrophs |
front 105 Sulfolobus is an example of? | back 105 Chemoautotrophs |
front 106 Use light energy but obtain their carbon in organic form | back 106 Photoheterotrophs |
front 107 Rhodobacter, Chloroflexus are examples of? | back 107 Photoheterotrophs |
front 108 Must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon source | back 108 Chemoheterotrophs |
front 109 Clostridium, fungi, animals are examples of? | back 109 Chemoheterotrophs |
front 110 Require oxygen | back 110 Obligate aerobes |
front 111 Killed by oxygen | back 111 Obligate anaerobes |
front 112 Use oxygen if present or switch to other modes | back 112 Facultative anaerobes |
front 113 These bacteria whose temperature range is from 0oC to 20oC | back 113 Typical psychrophile |
front 114 These bacteria whose temperature range is from 13oC to 46oC | back 114 Typical mesophile |
front 115 These bacteria whose temperature range is from 42oC to 70oC | back 115 Typical thermophile |
front 116 These bacteria whose temperature range is from 67oC to 96oC | back 116 Extreme thermophiles |
front 117 Metabolic cooperation between different prokaryotic species | back 117 Biofilm |
front 118 Nuclear envelope is present in? | back 118 domain Eukarya |
front 119 Membrane-enclosed organelles are present in? | back 119 domain Eukarya |
front 120 Peptidoglycan is present in? | back 120 domain Bacteria |
front 121 Unbranched hydrocarbons are present in? | back 121 domain Bacteria and Archaea |
front 122 Several kinds of RNA polymerase is present in? | back 122 domain Archaea and Eukarya |
front 123 Methioine is present in? | back 123 domain Archaea and Eukarya |
front 124 Introns are present in? | back 124 domain Archaea and Eukarya |
front 125 Growth is not inhibited in? | back 125 domain Archaea and Eukarya |
front 126 Histones are present in? | back 126 domain Archaea and Eukarya |
front 127 Circular chromosome in present in? | back 127 domain Bacteria and Archaea |
front 128 Who came up with Endosymbiotic Hypothesis? | back 128 Lynn Margulis |
front 129
| back 129 Excavates |
front 130 Excavates include | back 130 Diplomonads, Parabasalids, Euglenozoans |
front 131
| back 131 Diplomonads |
front 132 Example of diplomonad | back 132 Giardia Intestinalis (aka G. lamblia) |
front 133
| back 133 Parabasalids |
front 134 Example of parabasalids | back 134 Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichonympha |
front 135 Flagella has unique internal structure spiral or crystalline rod inside | back 135 Euglenozoans |
front 136 Predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs and pathogenic parasites are in which clade | back 136 Euglenozoans |
front 137 What are the two important groups of euglenozoans? | back 137 Kinetoplastids, Euglenids |
front 138 Free living consumers of bacteria in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems which have single large mitochondrion with a organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast | back 138 Kinetoplastids |
front 139 Example of kinetoplastids | back 139 Trypanosoma spp |
front 140 Evade immune system with "bait & switch" technique that involves changing surface proteins before body can mount effective response | back 140 The parasitic kinetoplastids |
front 141 Causes African Trypanosomiasis or African Sleeping Sickness | back 141 Trypanosoma brucei |
front 142 What is the vector for Trypanosoma brucei? | back 142 African Tsetse Fly |
front 143 Causes American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas' Disease | back 143 Trypanosoma cruzi |
front 144 Which strain of Trypanosoma brucei affects equines, pigs, cattle, rodents | back 144 Trypanosoma brucei brucei |
front 145 Which strain of Trypanosoma brucei affects humans, monkeys, dogs, pigs, antelopes and is prevalent in West and Central Africa? | back 145 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense |
front 146 Which strain of Trypanosoma brucei affects humans, wild game, pigs, rats (experiments) and is prevalent in East and Central Africa? | back 146 Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
front 147
Name the clade | back 147 Euglenids |
front 148 Example of euglenids | back 148 Euglena |
front 149 Chromalveolates include? | back 149 Alveolates and Stramenopiles |
front 150 Membrane-bound sacs just under the plasma membrane is a characteristic of which group? | back 150 Alveolates |
front 151 Alveolates include? | back 151 Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexa and Ciliophora |
front 152
Name the group? | back 152 Dinoflagellates |
front 153 Examples of dinoflagellates | back 153 Pfiesteria shumayae, Gonyaulax (aka Alexandrium), Gambierdiscus, Peridinium |
front 154 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning is caused by | back 154 Gonyaulax |
front 155 These organisms are
| back 155 Apicomplexans |
front 156 Host that harbors the ADULT parasite | back 156 Definitive Host |
front 157 Host that harbors an intermediate form of parasite | back 157 Intermediate Host |
front 158 Examples of apicomplexans | back 158 Plasmodium spp, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora |
front 159 A large varied group of protists that have macronuclei and micronuclei | back 159 Ciliates |
front 160 Sexual process that produces genetic variation; two individuals exchange micronuclei but do not reproduce (Ciliates) | back 160 Conjugation |
front 161 Asexual reproduction; macronuclei disintegrates; new macronucleus forms from cell's micronuclei (Ciliates) | back 161 Binary Fission |
front 162 Example of ciliates | back 162 Paramecium caudatum |
front 163 Most have a hairy flagellum paired with a smooth flagellum | back 163 Stramenopiles |
front 164 Example of stramenopile | back 164 Synura petersenii |
front 165 Stramenopiles include | back 165
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front 166 Example of oomycota | back 166 Phytophthora infestans |
front 167
Who am I? | back 167 Diatoms |
front 168
Who am I? | back 168 Golden Algae |
front 169 Example of golden algae | back 169 Dinobryon |
front 170
What type of algae? | back 170 Brown Algae |
front 171 Example of brown algae | back 171 Postelsia, Laminaria Macrocystis (Kelp) |
front 172
| back 172 Rhizarians |
front 173 Named for porous shells called tests | back 173 Foraminiferans (Forams) |
front 174 Tests are hardened with | back 174 calcium carbonate |
front 175 Example of foraminiferans | back 175 Globigerina |
front 176
What group is this? | back 176 Radiolarians |
front 177 Large group of amoeboid and flagellated protists | back 177 Cercozoans |
front 178 Example of cercozoan | back 178 Paulinella chromatophora |
front 179 Monophyletic group that descended from an ancient protest that engulfed a cyanobacterium | back 179 Archaeplastida |
front 180 The most abundant large algae in warm coastal waters od the tropics | back 180 Red algae |
front 181 Examples of red algae | back 181 Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Palmaria palmate (Dulse), Porphyra (Nori) |
front 182 Named for their grass-green chloroplasts | back 182 Green algae |
front 183 What are the two main groups of green algae | back 183 Chlorophytes and charophyceans |
front 184 Most aquatic freshwater and marine phytoplankton | back 184 Chlorophytes |
front 185 Examples of chlorophytes | back 185 Volvox, Ulva, Caulerpa, Chlamydomonas |
front 186 Unikonts include | back 186 Amoebozoans, and Opisthokonts |
front 187 What are four important groups of amoebozoans | back 187 Gymnamoeba, Entamoeba, Slime molds (cellular and plasmodial) |
front 188 Amoebozoans are classified by | back 188 lobe shaped pseudopodia |
front 189 Amoebas that are heterotrophic and actively seek and consume bacteria and other protists | back 189 Gymnamoebas |
front 190 Parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates | back 190 Entamoebas |
front 191 Example of entamoebas | back 191 Entamoeba histolyitca |
front 192 Which entamoeba causes amoebic dysentery in humans | back 192 Entamoeba histolytica |
front 193 What is the scientific name for slime molds? | back 193 Mycetozoans |
front 194 This molds have multinucleate plasmodium | back 194 Plasmodial slime molds |
front 195 What is the scientific name for plasmodial slime molds? | back 195 Myxogastrida |
front 196 Example of plasmodial slime mold | back 196 Physarum polycephalum |
front 197 This molds form asexual fruiting bodies and function as a unit | back 197 Cellular slime molds |
front 198 What is the scientific name for cellular slime molds? | back 198 Dictyostelida |
front 199 Example of cellular slime molds | back 199 Dictyostelium discoideum |
front 200 Rhizarians include | back 200 Radiolarians, Forams and Cercozoans |