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Viewing:

Unit 6: Cell Reproduction

front 1

Asexual Reproduction

back 1

The process by which an organism produces a new, genetically identical organism without the use of gametes. Ex: binary fissions, runners in plants, budding and regeneration.

front 2

Chromosome

back 2

A single long molecule of DNA wound around proteins called histones.

front 3

Genes

back 3

Segments of DNA that code for 1 protein/trait.

front 4

Sister Chromatids

back 4

One of the two identical strands in a replicated chromosome.

front 5

Cell Cycle

back 5

The series of events that take place in a cell during its lifetime.

Phases:

  • Interphase
  • Mitosis
  • Cytokinesis

front 6

Interphase

back 6

Period of cell cycle where cell grows and develops and DNA replicates.

front 7

Centromere

back 7

The point in the chromosome at which two chromatids are joined.

front 8

Mitosis

back 8

Stage of cell cycle when the nucleus divides.

Phases:

  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase

front 9

Spindle Fibers

back 9

Microtubules that pull the sister chromatids apart during mitosis.

front 10

Prophase

back 10

1st stage of mitosis

  • Nuclear envelope breaks down
  • Chromosomes condense
  • Spindle fibers start to form

front 11

Metaphase

back 11

2nd stage of mitosis

  • Chromosomes line up at the equator or middle of the cell
  • Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres

front 12

Anaphase

back 12

3rd stage of mitosis

  • Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart to opposite sides of the cell.

front 13

Telophase

back 13

Last stage of mitosis

  • Nuclear envelope reforms around separated chromosomes
  • Chromosomes uncondense
  • Spindle fibers break down

front 14

Cytokinesis

back 14

After mitosis

Rest of cell divides to get 2 individual cells.

front 15

Cell Differentiation

back 15

The process of cell modification to form specialized cells. Certain genes on the DNA are turned on or off.

front 16

Stem Cells

back 16

Cells that are undifferentiated that are capable of becoming specialized cells.

front 17

Daughter cells

back 17

The resulting identical cells after cell division

front 18

Somatic Cell

back 18

Body Cells - Any cell that forms in the body of the organism.

front 19

DNA Replication

back 19

Process that makes an exact copy of DNA. Uses both strands as templates.

front 20

Semi-conservative Replication

back 20

After DNA replication, the resulting DNA has 1 original strand and 1 new strand. This is due to using both strands of original DNA as templates and ensures the accuracy of the replication.