Unit 6: Cell Reproduction Flashcards

The process by which an organism produces a new, genetically identical organism without the use of gametes. Ex: binary fissions, runners in plants, budding and regeneration.

A single long molecule of DNA wound around proteins called histones.

Segments of DNA that code for 1 protein/trait.

One of the two identical strands in a replicated chromosome.

The series of events that take place in a cell during its lifetime.

Phases:

• Interphase
• Mitosis
• Cytokinesis

Period of cell cycle where cell grows and develops and DNA replicates.

The point in the chromosome at which two chromatids are joined.

Stage of cell cycle when the nucleus divides.

Phases:

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Microtubules that pull the sister chromatids apart during mitosis.

1st stage of mitosis

• Nuclear envelope breaks down
• Chromosomes condense
• Spindle fibers start to form

2nd stage of mitosis

• Chromosomes line up at the equator or middle of the cell
• Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres

3rd stage of mitosis

• Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart to opposite sides of the cell.

Last stage of mitosis

• Nuclear envelope reforms around separated chromosomes
• Chromosomes uncondense
• Spindle fibers break down

After mitosis

Rest of cell divides to get 2 individual cells.

The process of cell modification to form specialized cells. Certain genes on the DNA are turned on or off.

Cells that are undifferentiated that are capable of becoming specialized cells.

The resulting identical cells after cell division

Body Cells - Any cell that forms in the body of the organism.

Process that makes an exact copy of DNA. Uses both strands as templates.

After DNA replication, the resulting DNA has 1 original strand and 1 new strand. This is due to using both strands of original DNA as templates and ensures the accuracy of the replication.