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Chapter 15 Pharmacology - Test

front 1

Which of the following are aspects of drug administration the sonographer is expected to know.

A) the indications and contraindications for its use
B) the side effects
C) the safe dose
D) the safe route
E) all of the above

back 1

E) all of the above

front 2

True or False?

The radiographer who administers a drug incorrectly is not held liable for the error.

back 2

False

front 3

Drugs that must bear the legend “caution: federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription” include the following:

A) Hypnotics and narcotics
B) Alternative drugs
C) All diet drugs
D) All analgesics

back 3

A) Hypnotics and narcotics

front 4

True or False

Alternative dietary and herbal supplements are classified as food, not drugs.

back 4

True

front 5

Define drug dependence and drug addiction.

back 5

reliance of a drug from psychological or physiologic reasons

front 6

The alternative name for Valium is diazepam. Valium is:

A) The trade name
B) The generic name
C) The chemical name

back 6

A) The trade name

front 7

If the radiographer is required to administer a drug with which he is not familiar, he must seek information prior to administering the drug. He would seek such information in which of the following reference books?

A) The encyclopedia
B) The radiographer’s textbook
C) The Physician’s Desk Reference
D) From his colleague
E) From the Los Angeles Times

back 7

C) The Physician’s Desk Reference

front 8

Drugs given by mouth are generally given in larger doses. This is because:

A) They absorb more slowly
B) They absorb more rapidly
C) They are unreliable
D) Larger doses ensure that some of the drug will remain to perform the intended effect

back 8

A) They absorb more slowly

front 9

True or False?

A damaged or absent drug surface alters the time it takes a drug to reach its intended site

back 9

True

front 10

For a drug to reach its therapeutic effect more quickly, a physician might order:

A) A larger initial dose, and later smaller doses
B) A smaller initial dose, then a larger dose
C) A bolus
D) A maximizing dose

back 10

A) A larger initial dose, and later smaller doses

front 11

Marjorie Merriweather takes oral morphine for chronic pain. After taking the prescribed dosage for 2 weeks, she notices that it no longer seems to be controlling the pain. This reaction is called:

A) Addiction
B) Dependency
C) Tolerance
D) An adverse reaction

back 11

C) Tolerance

front 12

Two drugs must never be mixed in the same syringe for administration before checking their:

A) Effectiveness
B) Correct dosage
C) Compatibility
D) Expiration dates

back 12

C) Compatibility

front 13

Drug absorption varies from person to person. The efficiency of drug absorption is largely dependent on:

A) The time of day
B) The sex of the individual
C) The absorptive surface available
D) The type of drug

back 13

C) The absorptive surface available

front 14

True or False

Drugs given orally are not affected by the first-pass effect.

back 14

False

front 15

Factors that may influence the effect of a drug are:

A) Age and weight
B) Sex and time of day
C) Medication history and the patient’s temperament
D) a and b are correct
E) a, b, and c are correct

back 15

E) a, b, and c are correct

front 16

Factors the radiographer must consider before administering a drug to a patient include:

A) The age of the patient
B) The gender of the patient
C) The patient’s health status
D) a and b are correct
E) a, b, and c are correct

back 16

E) a, b, and c are correct

front 17

True or False?

Contrast agents are categorized as drugs. This is because they are absorbed into the systemic circulation and may produce a physiologic response on the body.

back 17

True

front 18

The physiologic effect of a contrast agent on the patient’s body that may create an adverse reaction when administered is due to:

A) Its low viscosity as compared to other drugs
B) The fact that it is isotonic
C) Its high viscosity, which prompts a sudden shift in body fluid from the interstitial spaces and cells into the systemic circulation
D) Its shift of fluid into the interstitial spaces and cells related to its high viscosity

back 18

C) Its high viscosity, which prompts a sudden shift in body fluid from the interstitial spaces and cells into the systemic circulation

front 19

Expected side effects of contrast agents administered by intravascular route are:

A) Feeling of warmth and flushing
B) Feeling of being short of breath
C) Metallic taste in mouth
D) Complaints of itching
E) a and c are correct

back 19

E) a and c are correct

front 20

List obligations of the radiographer before he begins administering a contrast agent.

back 20

obtain detailed assessment
prepare for any reaction that might occur
prepare the patient emotionally

front 21

A patient is receiving an intravenous contrast agent by bolus intravenous injection. The patient begins to complain of nausea, itching around his eyes, feeling dizzy, and a headache. The radiographer decides the patient is having:

A) Side effects from the injection
B) A vasovagal reaction
C) A mild adverse reaction
D) A severe adverse reaction
E) A moderate adverse reaction

back 21

C) A mild adverse reaction

front 22

If coldness and swelling at the site of an intrvenous infusion are observed, the radiographer must:

A) Call a code
B) Stop the infusion and apply cold or warm compresses
C) Inform the patient that this is a normal occurrence
D) Attempt to restart the IV

back 22

B) Stop the infusion and apply cold or warm compresses

front 23

List the five rights of drug administration.

back 23

the right drug
the right dosage
the right route
the right patient
the right time

front 24

PRN

A) milliliter
B) at once
C) every day
D) intravenous
E) by mouth
F) as necessary

back 24

F) as necessary

front 25

qd

A) milliliter
B) at once
C) every day
D) intravenous
E) by mouth
F) as necessary

back 25

C) every day

front 26

STAT

A) milliliter
B) at once
C) every day
D) intravenous
E) by mouth
F) as necessary

back 26

B) at once

front 27

IV

A) milliliter
B) at once
C) every day
D) intravenous
E) by mouth
F) as necessary

back 27

D) intravenous

front 28

mL

A) milliliter
B) at once
C) every day
D) intravenous
E) by mouth
F) as necessary

back 28

A) milliliter

front 29

PO

A) milliliter
B) at once
C) every day
D) intravenous
E) by mouth
F) as necessary

back 29

E) by mouth

front 30

Which of the following is not required item in the sonographer's charting if he administers a drug?

A) the sonographer's signature
B) the drug name
C) the patient's signature
D) The time given
E) the dose and route of adminstration

back 30

C) the patient's signature

front 31

All drugs given by parenteral routes are given using:

A) Medical aseptic technique
B) Surgical aseptic technique

back 31

B) Surgical aseptic technique

front 32

List the items that must be included in the incident report if a drug is administered in error.

back 32

dosage administered
name of incorrect drug
why
patients reaction
how remedied

front 33

Discuss the precautions that must be taken when administering a drug to an elderly person.

back 33

tension of tourniquet
potential for dehydration
size of needle
condition of the veins

front 34

Discuss the precautions that must be taken when administering a drug to a child.

back 34

emotional state
finding suitable vein
size of needle
having peds specialist administer
adverse reactions
need for extreme vigilance
correct emergency equipment at hand
need for child to be fully awake before discharge

front 35

A ____ drug is one that is designed for or involving local application and action

back 35

topical

front 36

Which of the following is not a variable the physician considers when selecting a contrast agent for use?

A) The viscosity
B) the ionic strength
C) its persistence in the body
D) its ability to stay separate from body fluids
E) the osmolality

back 36

D) its ability to stay separate from body fluids

front 37

The method of drug action on living tissues

A) half-life
B) clearance rate
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Metabolism
E) Side Effects

back 37

C) Pharmacodynamics

front 38

The rate of drug removal from the body

A) half-life
B) clearance rate
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Metabolism
E) Side Effects

back 38

B) clearance rate

front 39

Unintended but nontoxic effect of a drug

A) half-life
B) clearance rate
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Metabolism
E) Side Effects

back 39

E) Side Effects

front 40

The time it takes for a 50% decrease in a drug's presence in the body

A) half-life
B) clearance rate
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Metabolism
E) Side Effects

back 40

A) half-life

front 41

The process by which the body alters the chemical structure of a drug

A) half-life
B) clearance rate
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Metabolism
E) Side Effects

back 41

D) Metabolism

front 42

Within the gastrointestinal tract

A) Intra-articular
B) Intralesional
C) Intra-arterial
D) Enteral
E) Intracardiac

back 42

D) Enteral

front 43

Within a lesion or wound

A) Intra-articular
B) Intralesional
C) Intra-arterial
D) Enteral
E) Intracardiac

back 43

B) Intralesional

front 44

Within a cavity of a joint

A) Intra-articular
B) Intralesional
C) Intra-arterial
D) Enteral
E) Intracardiac

back 44

A) Intra-articular

front 45

Within the chambers of the heart

A) Intra-articular
B) Intralesional
C) Intra-arterial
D) Enteral
E) Intracardiac

back 45

E) Intracardiac

front 46

Within the artery

A) Intra-articular
B) Intralesional
C) Intra-arterial
D) Enteral
E) Intracardiac

back 46

C) Intra-arterial

front 47

The first 3 months of pregnancy is considered the first ______ of pregnancy.

back 47

trimester

front 48

_____ indicates fluid passing out of a blood vessel and into surrounding tissues

back 48

extravasation

front 49

Drug absorption varies from person to person. The efficiency of drug absorption is largely dependent on:

A) The absorptive surface available
B) the time of day
C) the sex of the person
D) the type of drug

back 49

A) The absorptive surface available

front 50

An acute disease condition that presents with an extremely low number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes

A) Hypokalemia
B) Thrombocytopenia
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Thyrotoxicosis
E) Agranulocytosis

back 50

E) Agranulocytosis

front 51

An abnormally low concentration of potassium ions in the bloodstream

A) Hypokalemia
B) Thrombocytopenia
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Thyrotoxicosis
E) Agranulocytosis

back 51

A) Hypokalemia

front 52

A disease state related to excess amounts of thyroid hormone

A) Hypokalemia
B) Thrombocytopenia
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Thyrotoxicosis
E) Agranulocytosis

back 52

D) Thyrotoxicosis

front 53

An abnormally small number of platelets in the circulating blood

A) Hypokalemia
B) Thrombocytopenia
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Thyrotoxicosis
E) Agranulocytosis

back 53

B) Thrombocytopenia

front 54

Reduced amount of thyroid hormone leading to a disease process

A) Hypokalemia
B) Thrombocytopenia
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Thyrotoxicosis
E) Agranulocytosis

back 54

C) Hypothyroidism