front 1 Jonas Goodstart has been a patient at Happy Valley Community Hospital for 5 days. During his stay in the hospital, he was taken to the diagnostic imaging department several times for diagnostic imaging procedures. He was cared for each time he went to that department by a radiographer who had a severe upper respiratory infection. Two days after he returned home from the hospital, he also developed a severe upper respiratory infection. It would be appropriate to say that Mr. Goodstart had developed:
A) An iatrogenic infection
B) A nosocomial infection
C) A community-acquired infection
D) A bloodborne infection | back 1 B) A nosocomial infection |
front 2 Mary Mandura, an 82-year-old white female, has been hospitalized for several weeks as a result of multiple injuries suffered in an automobile accident. She has been treated with a series of broad-spectrum antibiotics to discourage infection. Ms.Mandura now has severe diarrhea, and the stool culture has produced Clostridium difficile. This would be called:
A) A bloodborne infection
B) A community-acquired infection
C) A viral infection
D) A superinfection | |
front 3 Active production or receipt of antibodies
A) The skin, the hair, the acidic condition of the stomach and intestines
B) Antigen-antibody response
C) Acquired immunity
D) The inflammatory response
E) Natural active acquired immunity | |
front 4 The second line of defense against infection
A) The skin, the hair, the acidic condition of the stomach and intestines
B) Antigen-antibody response
C) Acquired immunity
D) The inflammatory response
E) Natural active acquired immunity | back 4 D) The inflammatory response |
front 5 The first line of defense against infection
A) The skin, the hair, the acidic condition of the stomach and intestines
B) Antigen-antibody response
C) Acquired immunity
D) The inflammatory response
E) Natural active acquired immunity | back 5 A) The skin, the hair, the acidic condition of the stomach and intestines |
front 6 Antibodies acquired by having a particular disease
A) The skin, the hair, the acidic condition of the stomach and intestines
B) Antigen-antibody response
C) Acquired immunity
D) The inflammatory response
E) Natural active acquired immunity | back 6 E) Natural active acquired immunity |
front 7 The third line of defense against infection
A) The skin, the hair, the acidic condition of the stomach and intestines
B) Antigen-antibody response
C) Acquired immunity
D) The inflammatory response
E) Natural active acquired immunity | back 7 B) Antigen-antibody response |
front 8 True or False?
There is currently less reason to be concerned about contracting HIV because there is improved treatment and the disease is no longer fatal. | |
front 9 Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are bloodborne viral infections. When you are caring for persons known to have either of these diseases, use the following infection control techniques:
A) Wear gloves if you may come in contact with blood or body substances.
B) Wear goggles if there is a possibility of your being splashed with blood or body substances.
C) Wear a particulate mask at all times.
D) Wear a waterproof gown or apron if there is a possibility that your clothing may be splashed by blood or body substances.
E) A and B are correct. | |
front 10 Explain the difference between Tier 1 and Tier 2 infection control precautions. | back 10 Tier 1 - Standard precautions to prevent spread of infection are used daily for all persons cared for in all health care set-tings.
Tier 2 - transmission-based precautions, infectious diseases require radiographers and all health care workers to take additional precautions, as well as standard precautions to prevent infection of other health care workers, patients, other persons in the health care setting, and oneself. These precautions are designed to place a barrier to the spread of highly infectious diseases between persons with such diseases and the persons caring for them. |
front 11 True or False?
A person who has recently been infected with HIV may have no symptoms of disease but is able to transmit HIV to another person. | |
front 12 True or False?
HIV, or the disease that it produces, is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected blood or body substances. | |
front 13 Conducts multicenter studies on diseases and publishes a weekly out-line on the statistics of infectious diseases in the United States
A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service | back 13 B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
front 14 Receives data concerning infectious disease from all countries and compiles a report for every country
A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service | back 14 C) World Health Organization |
front 15 Regulates the manufacture and sale of medications to protect health of U.S. citizens
A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service | back 15 A) Food and Drug Administration |
front 16 Sets requirements for hospital safety and infection control practices
A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service | |
front 17 Controls disposal of medical waste
A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service | back 17 E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service |
front 18 The radiographer should always dress for the work-place with infection control in mind. This means that:
A) Clothing must be washable; fingernails must be kept short; shoes must be comfortable and have closed toes; and no jewelry is worn except a wristwatch and a wedding band.
B) The radiographer must look unattractive because anything that looks good spreads infection.
C) A scrub suit must be worn at all times.
D) The rules are to be followed when JCAHO is inspecting the institution in which you work. | back 18 A) Clothing must be washable; fingernails must be kept short; shoes must be comfortable and have closed toes; and no jewelry is worn except a wristwatch and a wedding band |
front 19 Microorganisms that need a host cell to reproduce and are virtually unresponsive to antimicrobial drugs are:
A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Protozoa
D) Viruses | |
front 20 True or False?
When a person is in the incubation period of the disease process, the radiographer has no control over its transmission. | |
front 21 The radiographer must use strict infection control measures that include blood and body substance precautions for:
A) Every patient who enters the diagnostic imaging department
B) Patients who have known communicable diseases
C) Only patients who have AIDS and hepatitis B
D) Patients who seem ill | back 21 A) Every patient who enters the diagnostic imaging department |
front 22 Blood and body substance precautions include:
A) Use of clean, disposable gloves for sick person
B) Use of clean, disposable gloves for contact of the hands with blood or body fluids, a mask and goggles if blood or body fluids may spray on your face, and a gown if the blood and body fluids may touch your clothing for any patient care that may involve contact with blood or body fluids
C) Clean, disposable gloves as necessary
D) Gown, gloves, mask, and goggles for all patient care | back 22 B) Use of clean, disposable gloves for contact of the hands with blood or body fluids, a mask and goggles if blood or body fluids may spray on your face, and a gown if the blood and body fluids may touch your clothing for any patient care that may involve contact with blood or body fluids |
front 23 The most common means of spreading infection are:
A) Soiled instruments
B) Infected patients
C) Human hands
D) Domestic animals | |
front 24 The elements needed to produce an infection are a source, a host, and a means of transmission. An example of a source of infection might be:
A) A radiography student who has a cold and comes to work
B) A visitor in the hospital who has a “feverblister” on her mouth
C) A patient who develops pneumonia
D) A, B, and C | |
front 25 A safety precaution that must be taken when disposing of used hypodermic needles and syringesis:
A) To place tie needles in tie waste basket as soon as possible
B) To recap the needle and dispose of it quickly
C) To place the syringe immediately after use with the uncapped needle attached directly into the contaminated waste receptacle provided
D) To detach the needle from the syringe and place only the needle in the contaminated waste receptacle | back 25 C) To place the syringe immediately after use with the uncapped needle attached directly into the contaminated waste receptacle provided |
front 26 Touching objects that have been contaminated with disease-producing microbes
A) Direct contact
B) Indirect contact
C) Droplet contact
D) Vehicle contact
E) Airborne contact | |
front 27 Ingesting contaminated water, food, drugs, or blood
A) Direct contact
B) Indirect contact
C) Droplet contact
D) Vehicle contact
E) Airborne contact | |
front 28 Inhaling air contaminated with infectious microbes
A) Direct contact
B) Indirect contact
C) Droplet contact
D) Vehicle contact
E) Airborne contact | |
front 29 Contact with secretions transferred by sneezing, coughing, or talking
A) Direct contact
B) Indirect contact
C) Droplet contact
D) Vehicle contact
E) Airborne contact | |
front 30 Touching contaminated material with hands
A) Direct contact
B) Indirect contact
C) Droplet contact
D) Vehicle contact
E) Airborne contact | |
front 31 When caring for a patient whom you know to be infected with HIV and who does not have AIDS, you use standard blood and body fluid precautions and:
A) Share the information with the technologist in the next room who has no contact with the patient
B) Keep all information concerning the patient confidential
C) Keep the patient’s chart in a place where it cannot be read by others
D) B and C are correct | |
front 32 True or False?
The radiographer who has received a needle-stick injury is obliged to notify his supervisor at the end of the work day. | |
front 33 Hand hygiene is to be used in the following situations by radiographers in the workplace:
A) Before caring for a patient
B) After caring for a patient
C) When preparing for invasive procedures
D) A and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct | back 33 E) A, B, and C are correct |
front 34 True or False?
If it is not possible to find a sink to wash hands, it is safe to use alcohol-based hand rubs. | |
front 35 The route of transmission of MRSA, VRE, VRSA, and ESBL is
A) Droplet contact
B) Airborne contact
C) Direct contact
D) Vector contact | |
front 36 When the radiographer is to enter the newborn nursery, he must do the following:
A) Always wear a cap and mask
B) Always scrub his hands for 3 minutes
C) Always clean his equipment with disinfectant solution
D) A and B are correct
E) B and C are correct | |
front 37 The radiographer entering the room of a patient with tuberculosis must wear the following:
A) Gloves
B) An N95 respirator mask
C) Gown and waterproof apron
D) A and B are correct
E) Only B is correct | |