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51 notecards = 13 pages (4 cards per page)

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Exercise 21: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and the Autonomic Nervous System

front 1

MOST SUPERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE SPINAL CORD

back 1

FORAMEN MAGNUM

front 2

MENINGEAL EXTENSION BEYOND THE SPINAL CORD TERMINUS

back 2

FILUM TERMINALE

front 3

SPINAL CORD TERMINUS

back 3

CONUS MEDULLARIS

front 4

COLLECTION OF SPINAL NERVES TRAVELING IN THE VERTEBRAL CANAL BELOW THE TERMINUS OF THE SPINAL CORD

back 4

CAUDA EQUINA

front 5

(A - I)

back 5

A. CENTRAL CANAL
B. WHITE MATTER
C. DORSAL HORN
D. LATERAL HORN
E. VENTRAL ROOT OF SPINAL NERVE
F. SPINAL NERVE
G. DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
H. DORSAL RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE
I. VENTRAL RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE

front 6

(J - O)

back 6

J. DURA MATER
K. ARACHNOID MATER
L. PIA MATER
M. VENTRAL HORN
N. DORSAL ROOT OF SPINAL NERVE
O. GRAY COMMISSURE

front 7

NEURON TYPE FOUND IN DORSAL HORN

back 7

INTERNEURONS

front 8

NEURON TYPE FOUND IN VENTRAL HORN

back 8

MOTOR

front 9

NEURON TYPE FOUND IN ROOT GANGLION

back 9

SENSORY

front 10

FIBER TYPE IN VENTRAL ROOT

back 10

MOTOR

front 11

FIBER TYPE IN DORSAL ROOT

back 11

SENSORY

front 12

FIBER TYPE IN SPINAL NERVE

back 12

BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR

front 13

WHERE IN THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN IS A LUMBAR PUNCTURE GENERALLY DONE. WHY IS THIS THE SITE OF CHOICE?

back 13

BETWEEN L3 AND L5. IT DOES NOT ENDANGER THE DELICATE SPINAL CORD.

front 14

THE SPINAL CORD IS ENLARGED IN TWO REGIONS, THE _____ AND THE _____.

back 14

CERVICAL AND THE LUMBAR

front 15

WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE ENLARGEMENTS? (OF THE SPINAL CORD)

back 15

BECAUSE THE SPINAL CORD IS NOT THAT THICK BUT ALL THE NERVES THAT BRANCH OUT OF THE BODY HAVE TO FIT IN THESE AREAS.

front 16

HOW DOES THE POSITION OF THE GREY AND WHITE MATTER DIFFER IN THE SPINAL CORD AND THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES?

back 16

IN THE SPINAL CORD THE OUTER LAYER IS THE WHITE MATTER AND THE INNER LAYER IS THE GREY MATTER. BUT IN THE CEREBRUM WHITE MATTER IS THE INNER LAYER AND GREY MATTER THE OUTER LAYER. (THEY ARE OPPOSITES)

front 17

Ok, so you’re using my notecards which is great. I am glad I could help you out cause I wish I had someone to help me out when I took this course. I know Anatomy is super hard.

back 17

I only ask that if you find these notecards helpful, you join Easy Notecards and create at least one notecard set to help others out. It can be for any subject or class. Thanks and don’t forget to rate my helpfulness!

front 18

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE MENINGES OF THE SPINAL CORD AND THE BRAIN.

back 18

BOTH CONTAIN CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT MAKE MENINGES. BOTH SURROUND AND PROTECT. THE DURA MATER IN VERTEBRAL CANAL IS SEPARAT AND IN THE CRANIAL CAVITY IT IS TIGHTLY ADHERED. THE PIA MATER IS BOUND VERY TIGHTLY TO BOTH SPINAL AND CRANIAL CAVITIES

front 19

HOW CAN YOU DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL HORNS.

back 19

THE TIPS OF THE VENTRAL HORNS ARE BROADER AND LESS TAPERED THAN THOSE OF THE DORSAL HORNS.

front 20

CERVICAL NERVES

back 20

C1 - C8

front 21

SACRAL NERVES

back 21

S1 - S5

front 22

LUMBAR NERVES

back 22

L1 - L5

front 23

THORACIC NERVES

back 23

T1 - T12

front 24

THE VENTRAL RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1 THROUGH T1 AND T12 THROUGH S1 TAKE PART IN FORMING __1___ WHICH SERVE THE __2__ OF THE BODY. THEN VENTRAL RAMI OF T2 THROUGH T12 RUN BETWEEN THE RIBS TO SERVE THE __3__. THE DORSAL RAMI OF THE SPINAL NERVES SERVE __4__.

back 24

1. PLEXUSES
2. MOTOR & SENSORY NEEDS OF THE MUSCLES AND SKIN OF THE LIMBS
3. INTERCOSTAL NERVES
4. THE SKIN AND MUSCULATURE OF THE POSTERIOR BODY TRUNK.

front 25

DORSAL ROOT OF A SPINAL NERVE

back 25

LOSS OF SENSORY FUNCTION

front 26

VENTRAL ROOT OF SPINAL NERVE

back 26

LOSS OF MOTOR FUNCTION

front 27

VENTRAL RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE

back 27

LOSS OF BOTH MMOTOR AND SENSORY FUNCTION

front 28

DEFINE PLEXUS

back 28

INTERWINING OF NERVES OR BLOOD VESSELS

front 29

HEAD, NECK, SOULDERS (NAME PLEXUS ONLY)

back 29

CERVICAL PLEXUS

front 30

DIAPHRAGM

back 30

PHRENIC NERVE

front 31

POSTERIOR THIGH

back 31

P. FEMORAL CUTANEOUS N.

front 32

LEG AND FOOT (NAME TWO)

back 32

TIBIAL N AND COMMON FIBULAR N.

front 33

ANTERIOR FOREARM MUSCLES (NAME TWO)

back 33

MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVES

front 34

ARM MUSCLES (NAME TWO)

back 34

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS AND RADIAL NERVES

front 35

ABDOMINAL WALL (NAME PLEXUS ONLY)

back 35

LUMBAR PLEXUS

front 36

ANTERIOR THIGH

back 36

FEMORAL NERVE

front 37

MEDIAL SIDE OF THE HAND

back 37

ULNAR NERVE

front 38

FOR THE MOST PART, SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS SERVE THE SAME ORGANS AND STRUCTURES. HOW CAN THEY EXERT ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS?

back 38

BECAUSE THEIR POSTGANGLIONIC AXONS RELEASE DIFFERENT NEUROTRANSMITTERS

front 39

NAME THREE STRUCTURES THAT RECEIVE SYMPATHETIC BUT NOT PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION.

back 39

STRUCTURES OF THE SKIN, THE ADRENAL MEDULLA, AND ALL THE BLOOD VESSELS EXCEPT THOSE OF THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA

front 40

A PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVE CONTAINS

back 40

PREGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS

front 41

SECRETES NOREPINEPHRINE; ADRENERGIC FIBERS

back 41

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

front 42

SECRETES ACETYLCHOLINE; CHOLINERGIC FIBERS

back 42

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

front 43

LONG PREGANGLIONIC AXON; SHORT POSTGANGLIONIC AXON

back 43

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

front 44

SHORT PREGANGLIONIC AXON; LONG POSTGANGLIONIC AXON

back 44

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

front 45

ARISES FROM CRANIAL AND SACRAL NERVES

back 45

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

front 46

ARISES FROM SPINAL NERVES T1 THROUGH L3

back 46

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

front 47

NORMALLY IN CONTROL

back 47

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

front 48

"FIGHT OR FLIGHT" SYSTEM

back 48

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

front 49

HAS MORE SPECIFIC CONTROL

back 49

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

front 50

DESCRIBE EXACTLY HOW, FROM A PHYSIOLOGICAL STANDPOINT, GSR CAN BE CORRELATED WITH ACTIVITY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.

back 50

THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEM IS INTEGRATED BY EMOTIONS (STRESS, PAIN, FEELINGS). THESE CHANGES CHANGE HEART RATE, RESPIRATION, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND MORE AUTONOMIC CHANGES OCCUR IN THE SKIN. ALL THESE CAN BE MEASURED BY GSR SINCE THE GSR IS THE MEASUREMENT OF CHANGES IN SKIN SUE TO AUTONOMIC STIMULATION.

front 51

BASED ON THE BRIEF AND UNPROFESSIONAL EXPOSURE TO A POLYGRAPH, EXPLAIN WHY THIS MIGHT NOT BE AN EXACT TOOL FOR TESTING THE SINCERITY AND HONESTY OF A SUBJECT.

back 51

ITS FAILURE RATE IS FAR TOO HIGH TO PROVIDE TRUE SCIENTIFIC OR LEGAL CERTAINTY. IF IT IS BASED ON SKIN AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES, PEOPLE FEEL DIFFERENT ON DIFFERENT TOPICS/SUBJECTS SO IT COULD GIVE A FALSE READING.