MOST SUPERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE SPINAL CORD
FORAMEN MAGNUM
MENINGEAL EXTENSION BEYOND THE SPINAL CORD TERMINUS
FILUM TERMINALE
SPINAL CORD TERMINUS
CONUS MEDULLARIS
COLLECTION OF SPINAL NERVES TRAVELING IN THE VERTEBRAL CANAL BELOW THE TERMINUS OF THE SPINAL CORD
CAUDA EQUINA
(A - I)
A. CENTRAL CANAL
B. WHITE MATTER
C. DORSAL HORN
D. LATERAL HORN
E. VENTRAL ROOT OF SPINAL NERVE
F. SPINAL NERVE
G. DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
H. DORSAL RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE
I. VENTRAL RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE
(J - O)
J. DURA MATER
K. ARACHNOID MATER
L. PIA MATER
M. VENTRAL HORN
N. DORSAL ROOT OF SPINAL NERVE
O. GRAY COMMISSURE
NEURON TYPE FOUND IN DORSAL HORN
INTERNEURONS
NEURON TYPE FOUND IN VENTRAL HORN
MOTOR
NEURON TYPE FOUND IN ROOT GANGLION
SENSORY
FIBER TYPE IN VENTRAL ROOT
MOTOR
FIBER TYPE IN DORSAL ROOT
SENSORY
FIBER TYPE IN SPINAL NERVE
BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR
WHERE IN THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN IS A LUMBAR PUNCTURE GENERALLY DONE. WHY IS THIS THE SITE OF CHOICE?
BETWEEN L3 AND L5. IT DOES NOT ENDANGER THE DELICATE SPINAL CORD.
THE SPINAL CORD IS ENLARGED IN TWO REGIONS, THE _____ AND THE _____.
CERVICAL AND THE LUMBAR
WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE ENLARGEMENTS? (OF THE SPINAL CORD)
BECAUSE THE SPINAL CORD IS NOT THAT THICK BUT ALL THE NERVES THAT BRANCH OUT OF THE BODY HAVE TO FIT IN THESE AREAS.
HOW DOES THE POSITION OF THE GREY AND WHITE MATTER DIFFER IN THE SPINAL CORD AND THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES?
IN THE SPINAL CORD THE OUTER LAYER IS THE WHITE MATTER AND THE INNER LAYER IS THE GREY MATTER. BUT IN THE CEREBRUM WHITE MATTER IS THE INNER LAYER AND GREY MATTER THE OUTER LAYER. (THEY ARE OPPOSITES)
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COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE MENINGES OF THE SPINAL CORD AND THE BRAIN.
BOTH CONTAIN CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT MAKE MENINGES. BOTH SURROUND AND PROTECT. THE DURA MATER IN VERTEBRAL CANAL IS SEPARAT AND IN THE CRANIAL CAVITY IT IS TIGHTLY ADHERED. THE PIA MATER IS BOUND VERY TIGHTLY TO BOTH SPINAL AND CRANIAL CAVITIES
HOW CAN YOU DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL HORNS.
THE TIPS OF THE VENTRAL HORNS ARE BROADER AND LESS TAPERED THAN THOSE OF THE DORSAL HORNS.
CERVICAL NERVES
C1 - C8
SACRAL NERVES
S1 - S5
LUMBAR NERVES
L1 - L5
THORACIC NERVES
T1 - T12
THE VENTRAL RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1 THROUGH T1 AND T12 THROUGH S1 TAKE PART IN FORMING __1___ WHICH SERVE THE __2__ OF THE BODY. THEN VENTRAL RAMI OF T2 THROUGH T12 RUN BETWEEN THE RIBS TO SERVE THE __3__. THE DORSAL RAMI OF THE SPINAL NERVES SERVE __4__.
1. PLEXUSES
2. MOTOR & SENSORY NEEDS OF THE MUSCLES AND SKIN OF THE LIMBS
3. INTERCOSTAL NERVES
4. THE SKIN AND MUSCULATURE OF THE POSTERIOR BODY TRUNK.
DORSAL ROOT OF A SPINAL NERVE
LOSS OF SENSORY FUNCTION
VENTRAL ROOT OF SPINAL NERVE
LOSS OF MOTOR FUNCTION
VENTRAL RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE
LOSS OF BOTH MMOTOR AND SENSORY FUNCTION
DEFINE PLEXUS
INTERWINING OF NERVES OR BLOOD VESSELS
HEAD, NECK, SOULDERS (NAME PLEXUS ONLY)
CERVICAL PLEXUS
DIAPHRAGM
PHRENIC NERVE
POSTERIOR THIGH
P. FEMORAL CUTANEOUS N.
LEG AND FOOT (NAME TWO)
TIBIAL N AND COMMON FIBULAR N.
ANTERIOR FOREARM MUSCLES (NAME TWO)
MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVES
ARM MUSCLES (NAME TWO)
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS AND RADIAL NERVES
ABDOMINAL WALL (NAME PLEXUS ONLY)
LUMBAR PLEXUS
ANTERIOR THIGH
FEMORAL NERVE
MEDIAL SIDE OF THE HAND
ULNAR NERVE
FOR THE MOST PART, SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS SERVE THE SAME ORGANS AND STRUCTURES. HOW CAN THEY EXERT ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS?
BECAUSE THEIR POSTGANGLIONIC AXONS RELEASE DIFFERENT NEUROTRANSMITTERS
NAME THREE STRUCTURES THAT RECEIVE SYMPATHETIC BUT NOT PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION.
STRUCTURES OF THE SKIN, THE ADRENAL MEDULLA, AND ALL THE BLOOD VESSELS EXCEPT THOSE OF THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA
A PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVE CONTAINS
PREGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS
SECRETES NOREPINEPHRINE; ADRENERGIC FIBERS
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
SECRETES ACETYLCHOLINE; CHOLINERGIC FIBERS
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
LONG PREGANGLIONIC AXON; SHORT POSTGANGLIONIC AXON
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
SHORT PREGANGLIONIC AXON; LONG POSTGANGLIONIC AXON
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
ARISES FROM CRANIAL AND SACRAL NERVES
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
ARISES FROM SPINAL NERVES T1 THROUGH L3
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
NORMALLY IN CONTROL
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
"FIGHT OR FLIGHT" SYSTEM
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
HAS MORE SPECIFIC CONTROL
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
DESCRIBE EXACTLY HOW, FROM A PHYSIOLOGICAL STANDPOINT, GSR CAN BE CORRELATED WITH ACTIVITY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEM IS INTEGRATED BY EMOTIONS (STRESS, PAIN, FEELINGS). THESE CHANGES CHANGE HEART RATE, RESPIRATION, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND MORE AUTONOMIC CHANGES OCCUR IN THE SKIN. ALL THESE CAN BE MEASURED BY GSR SINCE THE GSR IS THE MEASUREMENT OF CHANGES IN SKIN SUE TO AUTONOMIC STIMULATION.
BASED ON THE BRIEF AND UNPROFESSIONAL EXPOSURE TO A POLYGRAPH, EXPLAIN WHY THIS MIGHT NOT BE AN EXACT TOOL FOR TESTING THE SINCERITY AND HONESTY OF A SUBJECT.
ITS FAILURE RATE IS FAR TOO HIGH TO PROVIDE TRUE SCIENTIFIC OR LEGAL CERTAINTY. IF IT IS BASED ON SKIN AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES, PEOPLE FEEL DIFFERENT ON DIFFERENT TOPICS/SUBJECTS SO IT COULD GIVE A FALSE READING.