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28 notecards = 7 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Anatomy & Physiology: The Integumentary System

front 1

Integument

back 1

-makes up 16% of your body weight
-composed of the cutaneous membrane & accessory organs

front 2

What are the 2 components of the cutaneous membrane?

back 2

1. Epidermis
2.Dermis

front 3

Epidermis

back 3

-superficial epithelium
-stratified squamous epithelium
-avascular
-contains keratinocytes

front 4

Dermis

back 4

-underlying area of connective tissue

front 5

Accessory Structures

back 5

-hair, exocrine glands, and nails
-primarily located in the dermis and protrudes through the epidermis to the skin surface

front 6

Hypodermis

back 6

-aka superficial fascia or subcutaneous layer
-separates the integument from the deep fascia around other organs

front 7

Functions of the Integumentary System

back 7

-protection of underlying tissues & organs
-excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes
-maintenance of normal body temperature
-production of melanin
-production of keratin
-synthesis of vitamin D
-storage of lipids
- detection of touch, pressure, pain, vibration, and temperature stimuli
-coordination & immune response

front 8

4 layers of thin skin

back 8

1.Stratum Corneum
2.Stratum Granulosum
3.Stratum Spinosum
4.Stratum Basale

front 9

5 Layers of thick skin

back 9

1.Stratum Corneum
2.Stratum Lucidum
3.Stratum Granulosum
4.Stratum Spinosum
5.Stratum Basale

front 10

Stratum Basale

back 10

-aka stratum germinativum
-the deepest layer of the epidermis
-attachment to the basement membrane
-forms epidermal ridges
-contains basal cells, melanocytes, and tactile cells (Merkel cells)

front 11

Basal Cells

back 11

-cells that divide to replace the more superficial keratinocytes that are shed at the epithelial surface

front 12

Stratum Spinosum "Spiny Layer"

back 12

-consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes bound together by desmosomes
-contains dendritic cells

front 13

Dendritic Cells

back 13

-aka Langerhans cells
- cells that participate in the immune response
-branching projections

front 14

Stratum Granulosum "Grainy Layer"

back 14

-consists of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes
-produces large amounts of keratin & keratohyalin

front 15

Keratin

back 15

-A tough, fibrous protein
-the basic component of hair & nails in humans

front 16

Stratum Lucidum "Clear Layer"

back 16

-only in thick skin
-cells are flattened, densely packed without organelles, and filled with keratin

front 17

Stratum Corneum

back 17

-exposed surface
-contains 15-30 layers of keratinized cells
-water resistant (NOT WATERPROOF)

front 18

Keratinization

back 18

-the formation of protective, superficial layers of cells filled with keratin
-takes place on all exposed skin surface, except the anterior surfaces of the eyes

front 19

How long does it take for a cell to move from the Stratum Basale to the Stratum Corneum?

back 19

Around 7-10 days

front 20

Insensible Perspiration

back 20

-water from interstitial fluids slowly penetrates to the surface and evaporates into the air
-you are unable to see or feel this water loss

front 21

Sensible Perspiration

back 21

-produced by active sweat glands
-you are aware of this water loss

front 22

What are the two pigments found in the epidermis?

back 22

Carotene and Melanin

front 23

Carotene

back 23

An orange-yellow pigment that normally accumulates in epidermal cells
-most apparent in the cells of the stratum corneum of light skinned individuals

front 24

Melanin

back 24

pigment produced by the melanocytes
1.Pheomelanin (red-yellow form)
2.Eumelanin (brown-black form)

front 25

Melanocytes

back 25

-manufacture both types of melanin from the amino acid tyrosine and packages it into intracellular vesicles called melanosomes

front 26

The __________ in keratinocytes protects your epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight, which contains significant amounts of ultraviolet radiation (UV).

back 26

melanin

front 27

Blood contains red blood cells filled with the pigment ___________, which binds and transports oxygen in the bloodstream.

back 27

hemoglobin

front 28

Cyanosis

back 28

when the skins turns blue
-occurs in response to extreme cold or results of cardiovascular or respiratory issues